相关论文: It is the ambiguity. (But only three generations)

A differential calculus is set up on a deformation of the oscillator algebra. It is uniquely determined by the requirement of invariance under a seven-dimensional quantum group. The quantum space and its associated differential calculus are…

The well known operator ordering ambiguity could motivate the existence of generations. This possibility is explored by exploiting the relationship between ordering and discretization rules. Context is drawn from lattice theory and non…

Deformation quantization (sometimes called phase-space quantization) is a formulation of quantum mechanics that is not usually taught to undergraduates. It is formally quite similar to classical mechanics: ordinary functions on phase space…

The standard model of particle physics contains N_gen=3 generations of quarks and leptons, i.e., two sets of three particles in each sector, with the two sets differing by 1 unit of charge in each. All 12 "predicted" particles are now…

According to modern quantum physics, at the microlevel, the dimension of space-time is at least 11; we only observe 4 dimensions because the others are compactified: the size along each of the other dimensions is much smaller than the…

When one takes into account gravitation, the measurement of space and time cannot be carried out with infinite accuracy. When quantum mechanics is reformulated taking into account this lack of accuracy, the resolution of the measurement…

Degenerate geometrical configurations in quantum gravity are important to understand if the fate of classical singularities is to be revealed. However, not all degenerate configurations arise on an equal footing, and one must take into…

The continuum of real numbers has served well as a model for physical space in mechanics and field theories. However it is a well-motivated and popular idea that at the fundamental Planck scale the combination of gravitational and quantum…

We construct the quaternion algebra [10] "geometrically" by a three dimensional analogue of the classic two dimensional geometric description of the complex field. The algebraic description of the multiplication operation in three…

We consider quantum formalism limited by the classical simulating computer with the fixed memory. The memory is redistributed in the course of modeling by the variation of the set of classical states and the accuracy of the representation…

When using distance measurements to probe spatial curvature, the geometric degeneracy between curvature and dark energy in the distance-redshift relation typically requires either making strong assumptions about the dark energy evolution or…

The theories of quantum mechanics and relativity dramatically altered our understanding of the universe ushering in the era of modern physics. Quantum theory deals with objects probabilistically at small scales, whereas relativity deals…

We provide detailed evidence for the claim that nonperturbative quantum gravity, defined through state sums of causal triangulated geometries, possesses a large-scale limit in which the dimension of spacetime is four and the dynamics of the…

We study the evolution of the universe which contains a multiple number of non-relativistic scalar fields decaying into both radiation and pressureless matter. We present a powerful analytic formalism to calculate the matter and radiation…

This paper analyses the convergence and degeneration of sequences of metrics on a 3-manifold, and relations of such with Thurston's geometrization conjecture. The sequences are minimizing sequences for a certain (optimal) scalar-curvature…

In certain scenarios of deformed relativistic symmetries relevant for non-commutative field theories particles exhibit a momentum space described by a non-abelian group manifold. Starting with a formulation of phase space for such particles…

We review several procedures of quantization formulated in the framework of (classical) phase space M. These quantization methods consider Quantum Mechanics as a "deformation" of Classical Mechanics by means of the "transformation" of the…

Duality transformations within the quantum mechanics of a finite number of degrees of freedom can be regarded as the dependence of the notion of a quantum, i.e., an elementary excitation of the vacuum, on the observer on classical phase…

Quintessence issues can be achieved by taking into account higher order curvature invariants into the effective action of gravitational field. Such an approach is naturally related to fundamental theories of quantum gravity which predict…

The data from collider experiments and cosmic observatories indicates the existence of three light matter generations. In some classes of string compactifications the number of generations is related to a topological quantity, the Euler…