相关论文: Theorems about the divisors of numbers contained i…
E565 in the Enestrom index. Translated from the Latin original, "De plurimis quantitatibus transcendentibus quas nullo modo per formulas integrales exprimere licet" (1775). Euler does not prove any results in this paper. It seems to me like…
E394 in the Enestrom index. Translated from the Latin original, "De partitione numerorum in partes tam numero quam specie datas" (1768). Euler finds a lot of recurrence formulas for the number of partitions of $N$ into $n$ parts from some…
In this article, we investigate how Euler might have been led to conjecture the Prime Number Theorem, based on what he knew. We also speculate on why he did not do so.
E26 in the Enestrom index. Translated from the Latin original, "Observationes de theoremate quodam Fermatiano aliisque ad numeros primos spectantibus" (1732). In this paper Euler gives a counterexample to Fermat's claim that all numbers of…
``In this paper we give the history of Leonhard Euler's work on the pentagonal number theorem, and his applications of the pentagonal number theorem to the divisor function, partition function and divergent series. We have attempted to give…
Translated from the Latin original, "De numeris amicabilibus" (1747). E100 in the Enestroem index. Euler starts by saying that with the success of mathematical analysis, number theory has been neglected. He argues that number theory is…
In this article, we present relations for the Euler totient function $\varphi(n)$ and the number of divisors $\tau(n)$ in terms of finite sums of integer parts of rational numbers or greatest common divisors of pairs of integers. Some of…
Translation from the Latin of Euler's "Demonstratio theorematis circa ordinem in summis divisorum observatum" (1760). E244 in the Enestroem index. In his previous paper E243, Euler stated the pentagonal number theorem and assuming it proved…
In 1737 Leonard Euler gave what we often now think of as a new proof, based on infinite series, of Euclid's theorem that there are infinitely many prime numbers. Our short paper uses a simple modification of Euler's argument to obtain new…
Our work is motivated by the fact that the norms of the Eulerian integers are related to the sums of form $a^2-ab+b^2$, providing a natural generalization for problems concerning products over sums or differences of integers. Let $E$ be the…
In this paper we investigate the properties of the Euler functions. By using the Fourier transform for the Euler function, we derive the interesting formula related to the infinite series. Finally we give some interesting identities between…
We extend the sum-of-divisors function to the complex plane via the Gaussian integers. Then we prove a modified form of Euler's classification of odd perfect numbers.
For a function $f\colon \mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{N}$, let $$ N^+_f(x)=\{n\leq x: n=k+f(k) \mbox{ for some } k\}. $$ Let $\tau(n)=\sum_{d|n}1$ be the divisor function, $\omega(n)=\sum_{p|n}1$ be the prime divisor function, and…
Translated from the Latin original, "Observationes circa bina biquadrata quorum summam in duo alia biquadrata resolvere liceat" (1772). E428 in the Enestroem index. This paper is about finding A,B,C,D such that $A^4+B^4=C^4+D^4$. In sect.…
We present closed forms for several functions that are fundamental in number theory and we explain the method used to obtain them. Concretely, we find formulas for the p-adic valuation, the number-of-divisors function, the sum-of-divisors…
We present a proof given by Euler in his paper {\it ``De serierum determinatione seu nova methodus inveniendi terminos generales serierum"} \cite{E189} (E189:``On the determination of series or a new method of finding the general terms of…
We consider a variant of a question of N. Koblitz. For an elliptic curve $E/\Q$ which is not $\Q$-isogenous to an elliptic curve with torsion, Koblitz has conjectured that there exists infinitely many primes $p$ such that…
Euler's theorem asserts that $A(n)=B(n)$ where $A(n)$ is the number of partitions of $n$ into distinct parts and $B(n)$ is the number of partitions of $n$ into odd parts. In this paper, it is proved that for $n>0$, \begin{align*}…
In this note we will present how Euler's investigations on various different subjects lead to certain properties of the Legendre polynomials. More precisely, we will show that the generating function and the difference equation for the…
The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of invariance and its properties. These properties can be used to check the primality of a number. Combining these properties with the Euler theorem, it is possible to generalize this…