相关论文: Loop Variables and Gauge Invariance in (Open) Boso…

We extend earlier ideas about the appearance of noncommutative geometry in string theory with a nonzero B-field. We identify a limit in which the entire string dynamics is described by a minimally coupled (supersymmetric) gauge theory on a…

We consider gauge theories from the free evolution point of view, in which initial data satisfying constraints of a theory are given. Because the constraints are compatible with the field equations they remain so. We study a model…

Wilson loops are among the most fundamental gauge-invariant observables in quantum field theory, encoding the global structure of gauge fields through their holonomy along closed contours. Originally introduced as order parameters for…

We describe how the strings, which are classical solutions of the continuum three-dimensional U(1)+Higgs theory, can be studied on the lattice. The effect of an external magnetic field is also discussed and the first results on the string…

We consider the gauge algebra of closed string field theory with a focus on diffeomorphisms. This algebra contains off-shell information in two ways. The first way is geometric, through the choice of three-punctured sphere defining the…

In recent work on Einstein gravity in four dimensions using the Ashtekar variables, non-local loop variables have played an important role in attempts to formulate a quantum theory. The introduction of such variables is guided by gauge…

We study gauge transformations of the Hata-Kawano vector state on a D25-brane in the framework of vacuum string field theory. We show that among the infinite number of components of the polarization vector, all the components except one…

For gauge theory, the matrix element for any physical process is independent of the gauge used. Since this is a formal statement and examples are known where gauge invariance is violated, for any specific process this gauge invariance needs…

We propose a refinement of the physical picture describing different vacua in bosonic string theory. The vacua with closed strings and open strings are connected by the string field theory version of the Higgs mechanism, generalizing the…

A recently proposed connection between closed string field and an open Wilson line defined on an arbitrary contour is further explored here. We suggest that reparametrization invariance of a Wilson line is the principle which determines the…

There is an incompatibility between gauge invariance and the semi-classical time-dependent perturbation theory commonly used to calculate light absorption and scattering cross-sections. There is an additional incompatibility between…

The continuum Dirac model with an unbounded energy spectrum is widely used to describe low-energy states in various electron systems, such as graphene, topological insulators, and Weyl semimetals. However, if it is applied to analyze the…

A system is invariant with respect to an input transformation if we can transform any dynamic input by this function and obtain the same output dynamics after adjusting the initial conditions appropriately. Often, the set of all such input…

We determine the gauge invariance classes of tree level Feynman diagrams in spontaneously broken gauge theories, providing a proof for the formalism of gauge and flavor flips. We find new gauge invariance classes in theories with a…

Recently, calculations which consider the implications of anomalous trilinear gauge-boson couplings, both at tree-level and in loop-induced processes, have been criticized on the grounds that the lagrangians employed are not \gwk gauge…

In this paper we conduct a general, model-independent analysis of the running of gauge couplings within closed string theories. Unlike previous discussions in the literature, our calculations fully respect the underlying modular invariance…

Previous analyses on the gauge invariance of the action for a generally covariant system are generalized. It is shown that if the action principle is properly improved, there is as much gauge freedom at the endpoints for an arbitrary gauge…

Quantization of 4-dimensional Nambu-Goto theory of open string in light cone gauge, related in Lorentz-invariant way with the world sheet, is performed. Obtained quantum theory has no anomalies in Lorentz group. Determined spin-mass spectra…

According to usual calculations, the use of a hard cutoff $\Lambda$ in gauge theories leads to a violation of gauge invariance. This seems to generate a tension between gauge theories and the Wilsonian effective field theory (EFT) paradigm,…

The renormalization group approach towards the string representation of non abelian gauge theories translates, in terms of the string sigma model beta function equations, the renormalization group evolution of the gauge coupling constant…