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We introduce the zip tree, a form of randomized binary search tree that integrates previous ideas into one practical, performant, and pleasant-to-implement package. A zip tree is a binary search tree in which each node has a numeric rank…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2022-02-23 Robert E. Tarjan , Caleb C. Levy , Stephen Timmel

The subtrees and BC-subtrees (subtrees where any two leaves are at even distance apart) have been extensively studied in recent years. Such structures, under special constraints on degrees, have applications in many fields. Through an…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-10-08 Yu Yang , Xiao-xiao Li , Meng-yuan Jin , Long Li , Hua Wang , Xiao-Dong Zhang

Additive tree functionals represent the cost of many divide-and-conquer algorithms. We derive the limiting distribution of the additive functionals induced by toll functions of the form (a) n^\alpha when \alpha > 0 and (b) log n (the…

概率论 · 数学 2007-05-23 James Allen Fill , Nevin Kapur

We consider a probability distribution on the set of Boolean functions in n variables which is induced by random Boolean expressions. Such an expression is a random rooted plane tree where the internal vertices are labelled with connectives…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-09-28 Antoine Genitrini , Bernhard Gittenberger , Veronika Kraus , Cécile Mailler

We consider extremal problems related to decks and multidecks of rooted binary trees (a.k.a. rooted phylogenetic tree shapes). Here, the deck (resp. multideck) of a tree $T$ refers to the set (resp. multiset) of leaf induced binary subtrees…

A subtree can be induced in a natural way by a subset of leaves of a rooted tree. We study the number of nonisomorphic such subtrees induced by leaves (leaf-induced subtrees) of a rooted tree with no vertex of outdegree 1 (topological…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-06-30 Audace A. V. Dossou-Olory , Ignatius Boadi

We study the problem of computing the tightest upper and lower bounds on the probability that the sum of $n$ dependent Bernoulli random variables exceeds an integer $k$. Under knowledge of all pairs of bivariate distributions denoted by a…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2019-10-16 Divya Padmanabhan , Karthik Natarajan

We present a complete classification of the deterministic distributed time complexity for a family of graph problems: binary labeling problems in trees. These are locally checkable problems that can be encoded with an alphabet of size two…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-02-19 Alkida Balliu , Sebastian Brandt , Yuval Efron , Juho Hirvonen , Yannic Maus , Dennis Olivetti , Jukka Suomela

We characterize the generating function of bipartite planar maps counted according to the degree distribution of their black and white vertices. This result is applied to the solution of the hard particle and Ising models on random planar…

组合数学 · 数学 2007-05-23 Mireille Bousquet-Melou , Gilles Schaeffer

Nicholas Pippenger and Kristin Schleich have recently given a combinatorial interpretation for the second-order super-Catalan numbers (u_{n})_{n>=0}=(3,2,3,6,14,36,...): they count "aligned cubic trees" on n internal vertices. Here we give…

组合数学 · 数学 2007-05-23 David Callan

Frequent tree mining asks us to enumerate tree patterns that occur frequently in a database of rooted trees. This problem is motivated by tree-structured data in bioinformatics, such as glycans and pseudoknot-free RNA secondary structures.…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Kenta Komoto , Kazuhiro Kurita , Hirotaka Ono

Working with generating functions, the combinatorics of a recurrence relation can be expressed in a way that allows for more efficient calculation of the quantity. This is true of the Catalan numbers for an ordered binary tree…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-03-05 David Serena , William J Buchanan

There are several common ways to encode a tree as a matrix, such as the adjacency matrix, the Laplacian matrix (that is, the infinitesimal generator of the natural random walk), and the matrix of pairwise distances between leaves. Such…

种群与进化 · 定量生物学 2007-05-23 Frederick A. Matsen , Steven N. Evans

This article studies the limit of binary search trees drawn from Mallows permutations under various topologies. The main result, pertaining to the standard local topology for graphs, requires the introduction of a generalization of binary…

概率论 · 数学 2023-12-22 Benoît Corsini

We study the average height of random trees generated by leaf-centric binary tree sources as introduced by Zhang, Yang and Kieffer. A leaf-centric binary tree source induces for every $n \geq 2$ a probability distribution on the set of…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-05-29 Louisa Seelbach Benkner

We introduce some natural families of distributions on rooted binary ranked plane trees with a view toward unifying ideas from various fields, including macroevolution, epidemiology, computational group theory, search algorithms and other…

组合数学 · 数学 2017-08-22 Sean Cleary , Mareike Fischer , Robert C. Griffiths , Raazesh Sainudiin

We study protected nodes in $m$-ary search trees, by putting them in context of generalised P\'olya urns. We show that the number of two-protected nodes (the nodes that are neither leaves nor parents of leaves) in a random ternary search…

概率论 · 数学 2014-03-25 Cecilia Holmgren , Svante Janson

Additive tree functionals allow to represent the cost of many divide-and-conquer algorithms. We give an invariance principle for such tree functionals for the Catalan model (random tree uniformly distributed among the full binary ordered…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-09-09 Jean-François Delmas , Jean-Stéphane Dhersin , Marion Sciauveau

In this paper we consider two aspects of the inverse problem of how to construct merge trees realizing a given barcode. Much of our investigation exploits a recently discovered connection between the symmetric group and barcodes in general…

代数拓扑 · 数学 2021-07-27 Justin Curry , Jordan DeSha , Adélie Garin , Kathryn Hess , Lida Kanari , Brendan Mallery

We study the leaf-to-leaf distances on full and complete m-ary graphs using a recursive approach. In our formulation, leaves are ordered along a line. We find explicit analytical formulae for the sum of all paths for arbitrary leaf-to-leaf…

数学物理 · 物理学 2015-10-12 Andrew M. Goldsborough , S. Alex Rautu , Rudolf A. Römer