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Conditionally automated driving systems require human drivers to disengage from non-driving-related activities and resume vehicle control within limited time budgets when encountering scenarios beyond system capabilities. Ensuring safe and…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-07-31 Kexin Liang , Simeon C. Calvert , J. W. C. van Lint

Conditionally automated driving requires drivers to resume vehicle control promptly when automation reaches its operational limits. Ensuring smooth vehicle control transitions is critical for the safety and efficiency of mixed-traffic…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Kexin Liang , Simeon C. Calvert , J. W. C. van Lint

Human drivers' control quality in the first seconds after a handover is critical to shared-driving safety; potentially unsafe steering or pedal inputs therefore require detection and correction by the automated vehicle's safety-fallback…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Jian Sun , Xiyan Jiang , Xiaocong Zhao , Jie Wang , Peng Hang , Zirui Li

With increasing automation in passenger vehicles, the study of safe and smooth occupant-vehicle interaction and control transitions is key. In this study, we focus on the development of contextual, semantically meaningful representations of…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2021-07-26 Akshay Rangesh , Nachiket Deo , Ross Greer , Pujitha Gunaratne , Mohan M. Trivedi

The car-to-driver handover is a critically important component of safe autonomous vehicle operation when the vehicle is unable to safely proceed on its own. Current implementations of this handover in automobiles take the form of a generic…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2020-05-12 Aaquib Tabrez , Matthew B. Luebbers , Bradley Hayes

In conditional automation, a response from the driver is expected when a take over request is issued due to unexpected events, emergencies, or reaching the operational design domain boundaries. Cooperation between the automated driving…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2022-05-03 Walter Morales-Alvarez , Novel Certad , Hadj. Hamma Tadjine , Cristina Olaverri-Monreal

Silent automation failures, where a system fails to detect a hazard without warning, pose a critical safety challenge for partially automated vehicles. While research has mostly focused on takeover requests, how to support a driver in…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Jiyao Wang , Song Yan , Xiao Yang , Qihang He , Chenglin Liu , Ange Wang , Chenglin Chen , Zhenyu Wang , Dengbo He

The transition of control from autonomous systems to human drivers is critical in automated driving systems, particularly due to the out-of-the-loop (OOTL) circumstances that reduce driver readiness and increase reaction times. Existing…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Dikshant Shehmar , Matthew E. Taylor , Ehsan Hashemi

In conditionally automated driving, drivers decoupled from driving while immersed in non-driving-related tasks (NDRTs) could potentially either miss the system-initiated takeover request (TOR) or a sudden TOR may startle them. To better…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2022-08-31 Erfan Pakdamanian , Erzhen Hu , Shili Sheng , Sarit Kraus , Seongkook Heo , Lu Feng

The advent of autonomous driving systems promises to transform transportation by enhancing safety, efficiency, and comfort. As these technologies evolve toward higher levels of autonomy, the need for integrated systems that seamlessly…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Yousra Shleibik , Jordan Sinclair , Kerstin Haring

In conditional automation, the automated driving system assumes full control and only issues a takeover request to a human driver to resume driving in critical situations. Previous studies have concluded that the time budget required by…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-08-29 Foghor Tanshi , Dirk Söffker

To make safe transitions from autonomous to manual control, a vehicle must have a representation of the awareness of driver state; two metrics which quantify this state are the Observable Readiness Index and Takeover Time. In this work, we…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-01-20 Ross Greer , Nachiket Deo , Akshay Rangesh , Pujitha Gunaratne , Mohan Trivedi

As semi-automated vehicles (SAVs) become more common, ensuring effective human-vehicle interaction during control handovers remains a critical safety challenge. Existing studies often rely on single-session simulator experiments or…

When automated driving systems encounter complex situations beyond their operational capabilities, they issue takeover requests, prompting drivers to resume vehicle control and return to the driving loop as a critical safety backup.…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-08-01 Kexin Liang , Jan Luca Kästle , Bani Anvari , Simeon C. Calvert , J. W. C. van Lint

Prior to realizing fully autonomous driving, human intervention will be required periodically to guarantee vehicle safety. This fact poses a new challenge in human-machine interaction, particularly during control authority transition from…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-03-02 Chen Lv , Yutong Li , Yang Xing , Chao Huang , Dongpu Cao , Yifan Zhao , Yahui Liu

It is extremely important to ensure a safe takeover transition in conditionally automated driving. One of the critical factors that quantifies the safe takeover transition is takeover time. Previous studies identified the effects of many…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-21 Jackie Ayoub , Na Du , X. Jessie Yang , Feng Zhou

As the automotive world moves toward higher levels of driving automation, Level 3 automated driving represents a critical juncture. In Level 3 driving, vehicles can drive alone under limited conditions, but drivers are expected to be ready…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2024-02-19 Patrick Ebel

The safe transition from conditional automation to manual driving control is significantly intertwined with the vehicle's lateral and longitudinal dynamics. The transition may occur as a result of a system-initiated mandatory takeover…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2024-02-27 Muhammad Sajjad Ansar , Bilal Farooq

In SAE Level 3 automated driving, taking over control from automation raises significant safety concerns because drivers out of the vehicle control loop have difficulty negotiating takeover transitions. Existing studies on takeover…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2020-10-08 Na Du , X. Jessie Yang , Feng Zhou

In this short paper an idea is sketched, how to support drivers of an autonomous vehicle in taking back control of the vehicle after a longer section of autonomous cruising. The hypothesis is that a clear communication about the location…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2021-06-14 Monika Sester , Mark Vollrath , Hao Cheng
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