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To achieve universal quantum computation via general fault-tolerant schemes, stabilizer operations must be supplemented with other non-stabilizer quantum resources. Motivated by this necessity, we develop a resource theory for magic quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-10-09 Xin Wang , Mark M. Wilde , Yuan Su

The advent of quantum technologies brought forward much attention to the theoretical characterization of the computational resources they provide. A method to quantify quantum resources is to use a class of functions called magic monotones…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-02-14 Arash Ahmadi , Eliska Greplova

Quantum computing's promise lies in its intrinsic complexity, with entanglement initially heralded as its hallmark. However, the quest for quantum advantage extends beyond entanglement, encompassing the realm of nonstabilizer (magic)…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-03-05 Antonio Francesco Mello , Guglielmo Lami , Mario Collura

Identifying the boundary between classical and quantum computation is a central challenge in quantum information. In multi-qubit systems, entanglement and magic are the key resources underlying genuinely quantum behaviour. While…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-02 Lorenzo Leone , Jens Eisert , Salvatore F. E. Oliviero

Quantum computation has been growing rapidly in both theory and experiments. In particular, quantum computing devices with a large number of qubits have been developed by IBM, Google, IonQ, and others. The current quantum computing devices…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-02-10 Rishabh Gupta , Rongxin Xia , Raphael D. Levine , Sabre Kais

Magic describes the distance of a quantum state to its closest stabilizer state. It is -- like entanglement -- a necessary resource for a potential quantum advantage over classical computing. We study magic, quantified by stabilizer…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-11-26 Gerald E. Fux , Emanuele Tirrito , Marcello Dalmonte , Rosario Fazio

The dependence of quantum algorithms on state fidelity is difficult to characterize analytically and is best explored experimentally as hardware scales and noisy simulations become intractable. While low fidelity states are often…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-05-09 Erika Lloyd , Alexandre Fleury , Marc P. Coons , James Brown , Maritza Hernandez

Entanglement plays an indispensable role in numerous quantum information and quantum computation tasks, underscoring the need for efficiently verifying entangled states. In recent years, quantum state verification has received increasing…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-12-15 Lan Zhang , Yinfei Li , Ye-Chao Liu , Jiangwei Shang

Magic quantum states (non-stabilizer states) play a pivotal role in fault-tolerant quantum computation. Simultaneously, random resources have emerged as a key element in various randomized techniques within contemporary quantum science. In…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-07-17 Christopher Vairogs , Bin Yan

Ground states of quantum many-body systems are both entangled and possess a kind of quantum complexity as their preparation requires universal resources that go beyond the Clifford group and stabilizer states. These resources - sometimes…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-10-25 Salvatore F. E. Oliviero , Lorenzo Leone , Alioscia Hamma

In most stabilizer-based quantum computing schemes, so-called magic states are a necessary resource for implementing non-transversal quantum gates. With the resource theory of magic, it is possible to analyze and quantify the generation of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-22 Carolin Deckers , Justus Neumann , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Magic-state resource theory is a fundamental framework with far-reaching applications in quantum error correction and the classical simulation of quantum systems. Recent advances have significantly deepened our understanding of magic as a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-15 Lennart Bittel , Lorenzo Leone

Quantum advantage is widely understood to rely on key quantum resources beyond entanglement, among which nonstabilizerness (quantum ``magic'') plays a central role in enabling universal quantum computation. However, the exact evaluation of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-26 Xuyang Huang , Han-Ze Li , Ching Hua Lee , Jian-Xin Zhong

The nonstabilizerness of quantum states is a necessary resource for universal quantum computation, yet its characterization is notoriously demanding. Quantifying nonstabilizerness typically requires an exponential number of measurements and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-02-24 J. M. Varela , L. L. Keller , A. de Oliveira Junior , D. A. Moreira , R. Chaves , R. A. Macêdo

Motivated by their necessity for most fault-tolerant quantum computation schemes, we formulate a resource theory for magic states. We first show that robustness of magic is a well-behaved magic monotone that operationally quantifies the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-03-16 Mark Howard , Earl T. Campbell

A bottleneck for analyzing the interplay between magic and entanglement is the computation of these quantities in highly entangled quantum many-body magic states. Efficient extraction of entanglement can also inform our understanding of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-09 ChunJun Cao , Gong Cheng , Tianci Zhou

Magic, capturing the deviation of a quantum state from the stabilizer formalism, is a key resource underpinning the quantum advantage. The recently introduced stabilizer R\'enyi entropy (SRE) offers a tractable measure of magic, avoiding…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-08-06 Lei-Yi-Nan Liu , Su Yi , Jian Cui

Magic is a non-classical resource whose efficient manipulation is fundamental to advancing efficient and scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing. Quantum advantage is possible only if both magic and entanglement are present. Of particular…

Nonstabilizerness, also known as ``magic'', stands as a crucial resource for achieving a potential advantage in quantum computing. Its connection to many-body physical phenomena is poorly understood at present, mostly due to a lack of…

Non-stabilizerness is a key resource for fault-tolerant quantum computation, yet its interplay with entanglement in dynamical settings remains underexplored. We address this by analyzing a well-controlled, analytically tractable setup,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-25 Zong-Yue Hou , ChunJun Cao , Zhi-Cheng Yang