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We prove the conjecture that, for any $n$, the monoid of all $n \times n$ tropical matrices satisfies nontrivial semigroup identities. To this end, we prove that the factor rank of a large enough power of a tropical matrix does not exceed…

We study the subgroup structure of the semigroup of finitary tropical matrices under multiplication. We show that every maximal subgroup is isomorphic to the full linear automorphism group of a related tropical polytope, and that each of…

We study semigroup varieties generated by full and upper triangular tropical matrix semigroups and the plactic monoid of rank 4. We prove that the upper triangular tropical matrix semigroup $UT_n(\mathbb{T})$ generates a different semigroup…

We construct minimal and irredundant generating sets for a family of submonoids of the monoid of $n \times n$ upper triangular matrices over a commutative semiring. We show that the monoid of $n \times n$ matrices over the tropical…

We prove that, for any $n$, the monoid of all $n \times n$ supertropical matrices extending tropical matrices satisfies nontrivial semigroup identities. These identities are carried over to walks on labeled-weighted digraphs with double…

A tropical matrix is a matrix defined over the max-plus semiring. For such matrices, there exist several non-coinciding notions of rank: the row rank, the column rank, the Schein/Barvinok rank, the Kapranov rank, or the tropical rank, among…

The multiplicative semigroup $M_n(F)$ of $n\times n$ matrices over a field $F$ is well understood, in particular, it is a regular semigroup. This paper considers semigroups of the form $M_n(S)$, where $S$ is a semiring, and the…

Extending earlier work on supertropical adjoints and applying symmetrization, we provide a symmetric supertropical version $\operatorname {SLS}_n$ of the special linear group, which we partition into submonoids, based on "quasi-identity"…

We study finite semigroups of $n \times n$ matrices with rational entries. Such semigroups provide a rich generalization of transition monoids of unambiguous (and, in particular, deterministic) finite automata. In this paper we determine…

We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for a semigroup identity to hold in the monoid of $n\times n$ upper triangular tropical matrices, in terms of equivalence of certain tropical polynomials. This leads to an algorithm for…

We show that the submonoid of all nxn triangular tropical matrices satisfies a nontrivial semigroup identity and provide a generic construction for classes of such identities. The utilization of the Fibonacci number formula gives us an…

We describe and count the maximal subsemigroups of many well-known monoids of transformations and monoids of partitions. More precisely, we find the maximal subsemigroups of the full spectrum of monoids of order- or orientation-preserving…

We study the structure of nilpotent subsemigroups in the semigroup $M(n,\mathbb{F})$ of all $n\times n$ matrices over a field, $\mathbb{F}$, with respect to the operation of the usual matrix multiplication. We describe the maximal…

We prove that, in both real and complex cases, there exists a pair of matrices that generates a dense subsemigroup of the set of $n\times n$ matrices.

We study maximal subsemigroups of the monoid T(X) of all full transformations on the set X=N of natural numbers containing a given subsemigroup W of T(X) where each element of a given set $U$ is a generator of T(X) modulo W. This note…

Let $G$ be a finite group. If $M_n < M_{n-1} < \ldots < M_1 < M_{0}=G $ where $M_i$ is a maximal subgroup of $M_{i-1}$ for all $i=1, \ldots ,n$, then $M_n $ ($n > 0$) is an \emph{$n$-maximal subgroup} of $G$. A subgroup $M$ of $G$ is called…

We explore several facets of tropical subrepresentations of a linear representation of a group over the tropical semifield $\mathbb{T}$. A key role in the study of tropical subrepresentations is played by two types of modules over a…

The classification of the maximal subgroups of the Monster $\mathbf{M}$ is a long-standing problem in finite group theory. According to the literature, the classification is complete apart from the question of whether $\mathbf{M}$ contains…

The main result of the paper proves that the monoid of all 2 x 2 tropical matrices satisfies a non-trivial semigroup identity, unlike the case of matrices over infinite fields. We exploit a strong connection between the monoid of all 2 x 2…

The paper gives a complete description of the subgroups of the semigroup of tropical n-by-n matrices up to an isomorphism. In particular, we show that every of these groups has a torsion-free abelian subgroup of index at most n!, proving…