相关论文: Optimising the Trade-Off Between Type I and Type I…

The use of `backfilling', assigning additional patients to doses deemed safe, in phase I dose-escalation studies has been used in practice to collect additional information on the safety profile, pharmacokinetics and activity of a drug.…

In many large multiple testing problems the hypotheses are divided into families. Given the data, families with evidence for true discoveries are selected, and hypotheses within them are tested. Neither controlling the error-rate in each…

When many (m) null hypotheses are tested with a single dataset, the control of the number of false rejections is often the principal consideration. Two popular controlling rates are the probability of making at least one false discovery…

In clinical trials, it is often of interest to understand the principal causal effect (PCE), the average treatment effect for a principal stratum (a subset of patients defined by the potential outcomes of one or more post-baseline…

This paper investigates type I error violations that occur when blinded sample size reviews are applied in equivalence testing. We give a derivation which explains why such violations are more pronounced in equivalence testing than in the…

Familiar statistical tests and estimates are obtained by the direct observation of cases of interest: a clinical trial of a new drug, for instance, will compare the drug's effects on a relevant set of patients and controls. Sometimes,…

We present an empirical study of debiasing methods for classifiers, showing that debiasers often fail in practice to generalize out-of-sample, and can in fact make fairness worse rather than better. A rigorous evaluation of the debiasing…

To date, there has been no formal study of the statistical cost of interpretability in machine learning. As such, the discourse around potential trade-offs is often informal and misconceptions abound. In this work, we aim to initiate a…

When assessing the presence of an exposure causal effect on a given outcome, it is well known that classical measurement error of the exposure can reduce the power of a test of the null hypothesis in question, although its type I error rate…

The achievable error-exponent pairs for the type I and type II errors are characterized in a hypothesis testing setup where the observation consists of independent and identically distributed samples from either a known joint probability…

Some empirical results are more likely to be published than others. Such selective publication leads to biased estimates and distorted inference. This paper proposes two approaches for identifying the conditional probability of publication…

Given a multiple testing situation, the null hypotheses that appear to have sufficiently low probabilities of truth may be rejected using a simple, nonparametric method of decision theory. This applies not only to posterior levels of…

We analyze the fate of dynamical systems that consist of two kind of processes. The first type is supposed to perform a certain function by processing information at a required high accuracy, which is, however, limited to less than 100…

Cluster analysis is a fundamental research issue in statistics and machine learning. In many modern clustering methods, we need to determine whether two subsets of samples come from the same cluster. Since these subsets are usually…

Friedman test is a nonparametric method that proposed for analyzing data from a randomized complete block design as a robust alternative to parametric method and widely applied in many fields such as agriculture, biology, business,…

The traditional framework for feature selection treats all features as costing the same amount. However, in reality, a scientist often has considerable discretion regarding which variables to measure, and the decision involves a tradeoff…

Critical decisions in hiring, college admissions, and credit lending are guided by predictions made in the presence of uncertainty. While uncertainty imparts errors across all demographic groups, this paper shows that the types of errors…

A third of adults in America use the Internet to diagnose medical concerns, and online symptom checkers are increasingly part of this process. These tools are powered by diagnosis models similar to clinical decision support systems, with…

Studies accumulate over time and meta-analyses are mainly retrospective. These two characteristics introduce dependencies between the analysis time, at which a series of studies is up for meta-analysis, and results within the series.…

In oncology, phase II or multiple expansion cohort trials are crucial for clinical development plans. This is because they aid in identifying potent agents with sufficient activity to continue development and confirm the proof of concept.…