相关论文: Bad witnesses for a composite number

Let $f$ be a primitive positive definite integral binary quadratic form of discriminant $-D$ and let $\pi_f(x)$ be the number of primes up to $x$ which are represented by $f$. We prove several types of upper bounds for $\pi_f(x)$ within a…

Let a and b be non-zero rational numbers that are multiplicatively independent. We study the natural density of the set of primes p for which the subgroup of the multiplicative group of the finite field with p elements generated by (a\mod…

Motivated by a question of V. Bergelson and F. K. Richter (2017), we obtain asymptotic formulas for the number of relatively prime tuples composed of positive integers $n\le N$ and integer parts of polynomials evaluated at $n$. The error…

This paper focuses on a refinement of the inverse Galois problem. We explore what finite groups appear as the Galois group of an extension of the rational numbers in which only a predetermined set of primes may ramify. After presenting new…

When averages of different experimental determinations of the same quantity are computed, each with statistical and systematic error components, then frequently the statistical and systematic components of the combined error are quoted…

We give yet another example of the usefulness of working with marginals of multivariate Gibbs distributions (Cerquetti, 2013) in deriving Bayesian nonparametric estimators under Gibbs priors in species sampling problems. Here in particular…

We consider the problem of estimating the rate of defects (mean number of defects per item), given the counts of defects detected by two independent imperfect inspectors on one sample of items. In contrast with the setting for the…

Bayesian inference and the use of posterior or posterior predictive probabilities for decision making have become increasingly popular in clinical trials. The current practice in Bayesian clinical trials relies on a hybrid…

The fragility index is a clinically motivated metric designed to supplement the $p$ value during hypothesis testing. The measure relies on two pillars: selecting cases to have their outcome modified and modifying the outcomes. The measure…

In this note we generalise a method of Perott to give new proofs that there are infinitely many prime numbers.

In this paper, we study the average size of the product of a number and its multiplicative inverse modulo a prime p. This turns out to be related to moments of L-functions and leads to a curious asymptotic formula for a certain triple…

We study the parameterized complexity of counting variants of Swap- and Shift-Bribery problems, focusing on the parameterizations by the number of swaps and the number of voters. We show experimentally that Swap-Bribery offers a new…

This paper addresses the mapping problem. Using a conjugate prior form, we derive the exact theoretical batch multi-object posterior density of the map given a set of measurements. The landmarks in the map are modeled as extended objects,…

The structure of the group $(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z})^\star$ and Fermat's little theorem are the basis for some of best-known primality testing algorithms. Many related concepts arise: Euler's totient function and Carmichael's lambda…

Group testing is utilized in the case when we want to find a few defectives among large amount of items. Testing n items one by one requires n tests, but if the ratio of defectives is small, group testing is an efficient way to reduce the…

We describe briefly in this note a procedure for consistently estimating the marginal likelihood of a statistical model through a sample from the posterior distribution of the model parameters.

Chi-squared tests for lack of fit are traditionally employed to find evidence against a hypothesized model, with the model accepted if the Karl Pearson statistic comparing observed and expected numbers of observations falling within cells…

Most normality tests in the literature are performed for scalar and independent samples. Thus, they become unreliable when applied to colored processes, hampering their use in realistic scenarios.We focus on Mardia's multivariate kurtosis,…

Gibbs partition models are the largest class of infinite exchangeable partitions of the positive integers generalizing the product form of the probability function of the two-parameter Poisson-Dirichlet family. Recently those models have…

We consider sequential hypothesis testing based on observations which are received in groups of random size. The observations are assumed to be independent both within and between the groups. We assume that the group sizes are independent…