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The error correcting performance of multi-level-cell (MLC) NAND flash memory is closely related to the block length of error correcting codes (ECCs) and log-likelihood-ratios (LLRs) of the read-voltage thresholds. Driven by this issue, this…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2020-04-14 Cheng Wang , Kang Wei , Lingjun Kong , Long Shi , Zhen Mei , Jun Li , Kui Cai

This paper summarizes our work on experimentally characterizing, mitigating, and recovering data retention errors in multi-level cell (MLC) NAND flash memory, which was published in HPCA 2015, and examines the work's significance and future…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2018-05-09 Yu Cai , Yixin Luo , Erich F. Haratsch , Ken Mai , Saugata Ghose , Onur Mutlu

This paper summarizes our work on experimentally characterizing, mitigating, and recovering read disturb errors in multi-level cell (MLC) NAND flash memory, which was published in DSN 2015, and examines the work's significance and future…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2018-05-10 Yu Cai , Yixin Luo , Saugata Ghose , Erich F. Haratsch , Ken Mai , Onur Mutlu

Flash memories intended for SSD and mobile applications need to provide high random I/O performance. This requires using efficient schemes for reading small chunks of data (e.g. 0.5KB - 4KB) from random addresses. Furthermore, in order to…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2012-03-01 Eran Sharon , Idan Alrod

Multiple reads of the same Flash memory cell with distinct word-line voltages provide enhanced precision for LDPC decoding. In this paper, the word-line voltages are optimized by maximizing the mutual information (MI) of the quantized…

This paper investigates the application of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes to Flash memories. Multiple cell reads with distinct word-line voltages provide limited-precision soft information for the LDPC decoder. The values of the…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2012-10-02 Jiadong Wang , Guiqiang Dong , Thomas Courtade , Hari Shankar , Tong Zhang , Richard Wesel

High-capacity NAND flash memories use multi-level cells (MLCs) to store multiple bits per cell and achieve high storage densities. Higher densities cause increased raw bit error rates (BERs), which demand powerful error correcting codes.…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2012-02-08 Jiadong Wang , Guiqiang Dong , Tong Zhang , Richard Wesel

With the ever-growing storage density, high-speed, and low-cost data access, flash memory has inevitably become popular. Multi-level cell (MLC) NAND flash memory, which can well balance the data density and memory stability, has occupied…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2018-02-14 Haochuan Song , Frankie Fu , Cloud Zeng , Jin Sha , Zaichen Zhang , Xiaohu You , Chuan Zhang

A primary source of increased read time on NAND flash comes from the fact that in the presence of noise, the flash medium must be read several times using different read threshold voltages for the decoder to succeed. This paper proposes an…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2022-02-14 Borja Peleato , Rajiv Agarwal , John Cioffi , Minghai Qin , Paul H. Siegel

We propose a novel solid-state disk (SSD) architecture that utilizes a double-data-rate synchronous NAND flash interface for improving read and write performance. Unlike the conventional design, the data transfer rate in the proposed design…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2015-02-10 Eui-Young Chung , Chang-Il Son , Kwanhu Bang , Dong Kim , Soong-Mann Shin , Sungroh Yoon

This paper summarizes our work on experimentally analyzing, exploiting, and addressing vulnerabilities in multi-level cell NAND flash memory programming, which was published in the industrial session of HPCA 2017, and examines the work's…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2018-05-10 Yu Cai , Saugata Ghose , Yixin Luo , Ken Mai , Onur Mutlu , Erich F. Haratsch

The read channel of a Flash memory cell degrades after repetitive program and erase (P/E) operations. This degradation is often modeled as a function of the number of P/E cycles. In contrast, this paper models the degradation as a function…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2016-10-13 Haobo Wang , Nathan Wong , Tsung-Yi Chen , Richard D. Wesel

In this work, we study a recently proposed direct shaping code for flash memory. This rate-1 code is designed to reduce the wear for SLC (one bit per cell) flash by minimizing the average fraction of programmed cells when storing structured…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2020-07-14 Yi Liu , Paul H. Siegel

The scaling of high density NOR Flash memory devices with multi level cell (MLC) hits the reliability break wall because of relatively high intrinsic bit error rate (IBER). The chip maker companies offer two solutions to meet the output bit…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2013-06-25 Daniel L. Miller

This brief introduces a read bias circuit to improve readout yield of magnetic random access memories (MRAMs). A dynamic bias optimization (DBO) circuit is proposed to enable the real-time tracking of the optimal read voltage across…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-09-19 Renhe Chen , Albert Lee , Zirui Wang , Di Wu , Xufeng Kou

This paper presents a practical writing/reading scheme in nonvolatile memories, called balanced modulation, for minimizing the asymmetric component of errors. The main idea is to encode data using a balanced error-correcting code. When…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2012-09-05 Hongchao Zhou , Anxiao , Jiang , Jehoshua Bruck

As dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and other current transistor-based memories approach their scalability limits, the search for alternative storage methods becomes increasingly urgent. Phase-change memory (PCM) emerges as a promising…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Mahek Desai , Rowena Quinn , Marjan Asadinia

The increasing use of Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) in computer architecture has brought about new challenges, one of which is the write endurance problem. Frequent writes to a particular cache cell in NVM can lead to degradation of the memory…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Keshav Krishna , Ayush Verma

The current flash memory technology focuses on the cost minimization of its static storage capacity. However, the resulting approach supports a relatively small number of program-erase cycles. This technology is effective for consumer…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2015-01-05 Eyal En Gad , Eitan Yaakobi , Anxiao , Jiang , Jehoshua Bruck

3D NAND flash memory with advanced multi-level cell techniques provides high storage density, but suffers from significant performance degradation due to a large number of read-retry operations. Although the read-retry mechanism is…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2021-04-21 Jisung Park , Myungsuk Kim , Myoungjun Chun , Lois Orosa , Jihong Kim , Onur Mutlu
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