相关论文: The Banach-Tarski Paradox

Well known Simpson's paradox is puzzling and surprising for many, especially for the empirical researchers and users of statistics. However there is no surprise as far as mathematical details are concerned. A lot more is written about the…

Our main result (Theorem A) shows the incompleteness of any consistent sequential theory T formulated in a finite language such that T is axiomatized by a collection of sentences of bounded quantifier-alternation-depth. Our proof employs an…

In this paper, we discuss a well-known self-referential paradox in foundational game theory, the Brandenburger - Keisler paradox. We approach the paradox from two different perspectives: non-well-founded set theory and paraconsistent logic.…

As it is well-known one of the most fascinating examples in remarkable discussion between Einstein and Bohr on the conceptual foundation of the quantum mechanics (Heisenberg energy-time uncertainty relation especially) was an experimental…

For half a century, authors have weakened the rule of necessitation in various more or less ad hoc ways in order to make inconsistent systems consistent. More recently, necessitation was weakened in a systematic way, not for the purpose of…

Condorcet's paradox is a fundamental result in social choice theory which states that there exist elections in which, no matter which candidate wins, a majority of voters prefer a different candidate. In fact, even if we can select any $k$…

Quasi-invariant and pseudo-differentiable measures on a Banach space $X$ over a non-Archimedean locally compact infinite field with a non-trivial valuation are defined and constructed. Measures are considered with values in non-Archimedean…

We investigate possible quantifications of Banach-Saks sets and weak Banach-Saks sets of higher orders and their relations to other quantities. We prove a quantitative version of the characterization of weak $\xi$-Banach-Saks sets using…

In this paper we concentrate on the nature of the liar paradox as a cognitive entity; a consistently testable configuration of properties. We elaborate further on a quantum mechanical model [Aerts, Broekaert, Smets 1999] that has been…

There are reasons to believe that implications of a certain paradox introduced by Ginzburg and related problems have not been fully recognized. Pertinent issues remain open and unresolved. There are instances when the current widely used…

In the context of $\mathsf{ZF}$, we analyze a version of Hindman's finite unions theorem on infinite sets, which normally requires the Axiom of Choice to be proved. We establish the implication relations between this statement and various…

In this work we reexamine the EPR paradox for composite systems with a finite number of levels. The analysis emphasizes the connection between measurements and conditional probabilities. This connection implies that when a measurement is…

This is an expostion of various aspects of amenability and paradoxical decompositions for groups, group actions and metric spaces. First, we review the formalism of pseudogroups, which is well adapted to stating the alternative of Tarski,…

In Newcomb's paradox you choose to receive either the contents of a particular closed box, or the contents of both that closed box and another one. Before you choose though, an antagonist uses a prediction algorithm to deduce your choice,…

We propose a solution to the quantum measurement paradox by first identifying its classical counterpart.

About forty years ago it was realized by several researchers that the essential features of certain objects of Probability theory, notably Gaussian processes and limit theorems, may be better understood if they are considered in settings…

We prove the equivalence of the semantic version of Tarski's theorem on the undefinability of truth with a semantic version of the Diagonal Lemma, and also show the equivalence of syntactic Tarski's Undefinability Theorem with a weak…

Some such as Dean (2014) suggest that Montague's paradox requires the necessitation rule, and that the use of the rule in such a context is contentious. But here, I show that the paradox arises independently of the necessitation rule. A…

There are three principle paradigms of statistics: Bayesian, frequentist and information-based inference. Although these paradigms are in agreement in some contexts, the Lindley paradox describes a class of problems, models of unknown…

Astrophysical paradoxes are the paradoxes of physics. The main motivation of a formulated paradox is clearly recognized in the scientific environment because the phenomenon of a paradox itself has become interesting. There is an explanation…