相关论文: Estimating the lifetime risk of a false positive s…

It is widely acknowledged that the biomedical literature suffer from a surfeit of false positive results. Part of the reason for this is the persistence of the myth that observation of a p value less than 0.05 is sufficient justification to…

The influential claim that most published results are false raised concerns about the trustworthiness and integrity of science. Since then, there have been numerous attempts to examine the rate of false-positive results that have failed to…

False positives are equally dangerous as false negatives. Ideally the false positive rate should remain 0 or very close to 0. Even a slightest increase in false positive rate is considered as undesirable. Although the specific methods…

Background. In recent years, cyber security user studies have been scrutinized for their reporting completeness, statistical reporting fidelity, statistical reliability and biases. It remains an open question what strength of evidence…

Screening mammography improves breast cancer outcomes by enabling early detection and treatment. However, false positive callbacks for additional imaging from screening exams cause unnecessary procedures, patient anxiety, and financial…

Planned and ongoing searches for life, both biological and technological, confront an epistemic barrier concerning false positives - namely, that we don't know what we don't know. The most defensible and agnostic approach is to adopt…

The accuracy of published medical research is critical both for scientists, physicians and patients who rely on these results. But the fundamental belief in the medical literature was called into serious question by a paper suggesting most…

In the last year more than 70,000 people have been brought to the UK hospitals with serious injuries. Each time a clinician has to urgently take a patient through a screening procedure to make a reliable decision on the trauma treatment.…

Bayes' Theorem imposes inevitable limitations on the accuracy of screening tests by tying the test's predictive value to the disease prevalence. The aforementioned limitation is independent of the adequacy and make-up of the test and thus…

Bayes' Theorem confers inherent limitations on the accuracy of screening tests as a function of disease prevalence. We have shown in previous work that a testing system can tolerate significant drops in prevalence, up until a certain…

Observed gonorrhea case rates (number of positive tests per 100,000 individuals) increased by 75 percent in the United States between 2009 and 2017, predominantly among men. However, testing recommendations by the Centers for Disease…

The high fraction of published results that turn out to be incorrect is a major concern of today's science. This paper contributes to the understanding of this problem in two independent directions. First, Johnson's recent claim that…

When testing multiple hypothesis in a survey --e.g. many different source locations, template waveforms, and so on-- the final result consists in a set of confidence intervals, each one at a desired confidence level. But the probability…

In multiple testing several criteria to control for type I errors exist. The false discovery rate, which evaluates the expected proportion of false discoveries among the rejected null hypotheses, has become the standard approach in this…

Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, but current programs are expensive and prone to false positives, leading to unnecessary follow-up and patient anxiety. This paper proposes a solution to automated breast cancer…

This article considers the problem of multiple hypothesis testing using $t$-tests. The observed data are assumed to be independently generated conditional on an underlying and unknown two-state hidden model. We propose an asymptotically…

For decades, forensic statisticians have debated whether searching large DNA databases undermines the evidential value of a match. Modern surveillance faces an exponentially harder problem: screening populations across thousands of…

The face is a rich source of information that can be utilized to infer a person's biological age, sex, phenotype, genetic defects, and health status. All of these factors are relevant for predicting an individual's remaining lifespan. In…

Cancer Screening has been widely recognized as an effective strategy for preventing the disease. Despite its effectiveness, determining when to start screening is complicated, because starting too early increases the number of screenings…

Random Forest has become one of the most popular tools for feature selection. Its ability to deal with high-dimensional data makes this algorithm especially useful for studies in neuroimaging and bioinformatics. Despite its popularity and…