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A graph $G$ is a non-separating planar graph if there is a drawing $D$ of $G$ on the plane such that (1) no two edges cross each other in $D$ and (2) for any cycle $C$ in $D$, any two vertices not in $C$ are on the same side of $C$ in $D$.…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-07-24 Hooman R. Dehkordi , Graham Farr

We show that every graph with twin-width $t$ has chromatic number $O(\omega ^{k_t})$ for some integer $k_t$, where $\omega$ denotes the clique number. This extends a quasi-polynomial bound from Pilipczuk and Soko{\l}owski and generalizes a…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2025-01-20 Romain Bourneuf , Stéphan Thomassé

The $\{K_2,C_n\}$-factor of a graph is a spanning subgraph whose each component is either $K_2$ or $C_n$. In this paper, a sufficient condition with regard to tight toughness, isolated toughness and binding number bounds to guarantee the…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-04-12 Xiaxia Guan , Tianlong Ma , Chao Shi

The \emph{prism} over a graph $G$ is the product $G \Box K_2$, i.e., the graph obtained by taking two copies of $G$ and adding a perfect matching joining the two copies of each vertex by an edge. The graph $G$ is called…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-01-08 M. N. Ellingham , Pouria Salehi Nowbandegani , Songling Shan

A dynamic coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper coloring such that for every vertex $v\in V(G)$ of degree at least 2, the neighbors of $v$ receive at least 2 colors. It was conjectured [B. Montgomery. {\em Dynamic coloring of graphs}. PhD…

组合数学 · 数学 2011-10-25 Meysam Alishahi

Let $t>0$ be a real number and $G$ be a graph. We say $G$ is $t$-tough if for every cutset $S$ of $G$, the ratio of $|S|$ to the number of components of $G-S$ is at least $t$. The Toughness Conjecture of Chv\'atal, stating that there exists…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-02-15 Lingjuan Shi , Songling Shan

The $k$-Coloring problem on hereditary graph classes has been a deeply researched problem over the last decade. A hereditary graph class is characterized by a (possibly infinite) list of minimal forbidden induced subgraphs. We say that a…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Justyna Jaworska , Bartłomiej Kielak , Tomáš Masařík , Jana Masaříková

A conjecture of Alon, Krivelevich, and Sudakov states that, for any graph $F$, there is a constant $c_F > 0$ such that if $G$ is an $F$-free graph of maximum degree $\Delta$, then $\chi(G) \leq c_F \Delta / \log\Delta$. Alon, Krivelevich,…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-01-25 James Anderson , Anton Bernshteyn , Abhishek Dhawan

A proper conflict-free coloring of a graph is a proper vertex coloring wherein each non-isolated vertex's open neighborhood contains at least one color appearing exactly once. For a non-negative integer $k$, a graph $G$ is said to be proper…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-12-30 Yuting Wang , Xin Zhang

A strong edge colouring of a graph is an assignment of colours to the edges of the graph such that for every colour, the set of edges that are given that colour form an induced matching in the graph. The strong chromatic index of a graph…

组合数学 · 数学 2013-08-20 Manu Basavaraju , Mathew C. Francis

The $3$-colorability problem is a well-known NP-complete problem and it remains NP-complete for $bull$-free graphs, where a $bull$ is the graph consisting of a $K_3$ with two pendant edges attached to two of its vertices. In this paper, for…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-09-03 Nadzieja Hodur , Monika Pilśniak , Magdalena Prorok , Ingo Schiermeyer

This paper proves that if $G$ is a graph (parallel edges allowed) of maximum degree 3, then $\chi_c'(G) \leq 11/3$ provided that $G$ does not contain $H_1$ or $H_2$ as a subgraph, where $H_1$ and $H_2$ are obtained by subdividing one edge…

A $k$-subcoloring of a graph is a partition of the vertex set into at most $k$ cluster graphs, that is, graphs with no induced $P_3$. 2-subcoloring is known to be NP-complete for comparability graphs and three subclasses of planar graphs,…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2017-02-07 Pascal Ochem

Conflict-free coloring (in short, CF-coloring) of a graph $G = (V,E)$ is a coloring of $V$ such that the neighborhood of each vertex contains a vertex whose color differs from the color of any other vertex in that neighborhood. Bounds on…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-01-21 Chaya Keller , Alexandre Rok , Shakhar Smorodinsky

Recently, Behr introduced a notion of the chromatic index of signed graphs and proved that for every signed graph $(G$, $\sigma)$ it holds that \[ \Delta(G)\leq\chi'(G\text{, }\sigma)\leq\Delta(G)+1\text{,} \] where $\Delta(G)$ is the…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2023-07-25 Robert Janczewski , Krzysztof Turowski , Bartłomiej Wróblewski

For a graph $G$, let $\mu_k(G):=\min~\{\max_{x\in S}d_G(x):~S\in \mathcal{S}_k\}$, where $\mathcal{S}_k$ is the set consisting of all independent sets $\{u_1,\ldots,u_k\}$ of $G$ such that some vertex, say $u_i$ ($1\leq i\leq k$), is at…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-07-30 Zhiquan Hu , Jie Wang , Changlong Shen

The bull is a graph consisting of a triangle and two pendant edges. The P_5 is the chordless path on five vertices. The house is the complement of a P_5. A graph is k-critical if it is k-chromatic but each of its proper induced subgraphs is…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-05-19 Manoj Belavadi , Chinh T. Hoang

Recently, Kim and Park have found an infinite family of graphs whose squares are not chromatic-choosable. Xuding Zhu asked whether there is some $k$ such that all $k$th power graphs are chromatic-choosable. We answer this question in the…

组合数学 · 数学 2014-09-18 Nicholas Kosar , Sarka Petrickova , Benjamin Reiniger , Elyse Yeager

A bull is a graph obtained from a four-vertex path by adding a vertex adjacent to the two middle vertices of the path. A graph $G$ is bull-free if no induced subgraph of $G$ is a bull. We prove that for all $k,t\in \mathbb{N}$, if $G$ is a…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-06-13 Sepehr Hajebi

We investigate the extent to which the $k$-coloring graph $\mathcal{C}_{k}(G)$ uniquely determines the base graph $G$ and the number of colors $k$. The vertices of $\mathcal{C}_{k}(G)$ are the proper $k$-colorings of $G$, and edges connect…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-06-13 Shamil Asgarli , Sara Krehbiel , Howard W. Levinson