相关论文: Generalizing Clinical Trials with Convex Hulls

Individualized treatment rules aim to identify if, when, which, and to whom treatment should be applied. A globally aging population, rising healthcare costs, and increased access to patient-level data have created an urgent need for…

The convex hull describes the extent or shape of a set of data and is used ubiquitously in computational geometry. Common algorithms to construct the convex hull on a finite set of n points (x,y) range from O(nlogn) time to O(n) time.…

Observational data is often readily available in large quantities, but can lead to biased causal effect estimates due to the presence of unobserved confounding. Recent works attempt to remove this bias by supplementing observational data…

Cluster randomized trials are widely used when individual randomization is logistically infeasible or when correlations between observations cannot be ignored, especially in fields such as ophthalmology, infectious disease, vaccine…

Decision-making often requires accurate estimation of treatment effects from observational data. This is challenging as outcomes of alternative decisions are not observed and have to be estimated. Previous methods estimate outcomes based on…

Mixed-effect models are very popular for analyzing data with a hierarchical structure, e.g. repeated observations within subjects in a longitudinal design, patients nested within centers in a multicenter design. However, recently, due to…

Convex hulls are a fundamental geometric tool used in a number of algorithms. As a side-effect of exhaustive tests for an algorithm for which a convex hull computation was the first step, interesting experimental results were found and are…

Clinical trials often collect data on multiple outcomes, such as overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and response to treatment (RT). In most cases, however, study designs only use primary outcome data for interim and…

This paper considers the problem of inference in observational studies with time-varying adoption of treatment. In addition to an unconfoundedness assumption that the potential outcomes are independent of the times at which units adopt…

Making use of predictions is a crucial, but under-explored, area of online algorithms. This paper studies a class of online optimization problems where we have external noisy predictions available. We propose a stochastic prediction error…

In an ordinary feature selection procedure, a set of important features is obtained by solving an optimization problem such as the Lasso regression problem, and we expect that the obtained features explain the data well. In this study,…

Clinical trials are an instrument for making informed decisions based on evidence from well-designed experiments. Here we consider adaptive designs mainly from the perspective of multi-arm Phase II clinical trials, in which one or more…

There has been a growing interest in covariate adjustment in the analysis of randomized controlled trials in past years. For instance, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently issued guidance that emphasizes the importance of…

We extend Fisher's randomization test (FRT) to test conditional independence between observed outcomes and treatments given covariates in both randomized experiments and observational studies, with no restriction on the variable type of…

Multistate process data are common in studies of chronic diseases such as cancer. These data are ideal for precision medicine purposes as they can be leveraged to improve more refined health outcomes, compared to standard survival outcomes,…

Regression is a fundamental tool in scientific research. Ordinary least squares (OLS), one of the most widely used regression methods, enjoys several desirable properties, including the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) property. It is…

We consider estimation and inference on average treatment effects under unconfoundedness conditional on the realizations of the treatment variable and covariates. Given nonparametric smoothness and/or shape restrictions on the conditional…

The authors propose robust adaptive strategies based on stochastic minimax optimization for a series of simulated treatments on a one-dimensional patient phantom. The plan applied during the first fractions should be able to handle…

We analyze the correctness of an O(n log n) time divide-and-conquer algorithm for the convex hull problem when each input point is a location determined by a normal distribution. We show that the algorithm finds the convex hull of such…

The heterogeneous treatment effect plays a crucial role in precision medicine.There is evidence that real-world data, even subject to biases, can be employed as supplementary evidence for randomized clinical trials to improve the…