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The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) and the theory of linear response (LRT) are celebrated cornerstones of our understanding of the physics of many-body quantum systems out of equilibrium. While the ETH provides a generic…

统计力学 · 物理学 2019-05-29 Jonas Richter , Jochen Gemmer , Robin Steinigeweg

We investigate steady states of macroscopic quantum systems under dissipation not obeying the detailed balance condition. We argue that the Gibbs state at an effective temperature gives a good description of the steady state provided that…

统计力学 · 物理学 2020-04-17 Tatsuhiko Shirai , Takashi Mori

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) provides a sufficient condition for thermalization of isolated quantum systems. While the standard ETH is formulated in the absence of degeneracy, physical systems often possess symmetries that…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2026-05-27 Soma Onoda , Osamu Fukushima , Ryusuke Hamazaki , Okuto Morikawa

Isolated quantum systems typically approach thermal equilibrium as described by the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH). Going beyond this involves either higher order correlators (full thermalization) or the formation of state…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-01 Tabea Herrmann , Felix Fritzsch , Arnd Bäcker

We study the long-time average of the reduced density matrix (RDM) of an $m$-level central system, which is locally coupled to a large environment, under an overall Schr\"{o}dinger evolution of the total system. We consider a class of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-10-26 Hua Yan , Jiaozi Wang , Wen-ge Wang

Motivated by the qualitative picture of Canonical Typicality, we propose a refined formulation of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) for chaotic quantum systems. The new formulation, which we refer to as subsystem ETH, is in…

统计力学 · 物理学 2018-04-06 Anatoly Dymarsky , Nima Lashkari , Hong Liu

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) provides a powerful framework for understanding thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems, yet a complete and conceptually transparent derivation has remained elusive. In this work,…

统计力学 · 物理学 2025-12-23 Yucheng Wang

Generic rotationally invariant random matrix models satisfy a simple relation: the probability distribution of off-diagonal elements and the one of half the difference between any two diagonal elements coincide. In the spirit of the…

统计力学 · 物理学 2020-01-15 Laura Foini , Jorge Kurchan

According to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), even isolated quantum systems can thermalize because the eigenstate-to-eigenstate fluctuations of typical observables vanish in the limit of large systems. Of course, isolated…

统计力学 · 物理学 2014-04-08 W. Beugeling , R. Moessner , Masudul Haque

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) has been highly influential in explaining thermodynamic behavior of closed quantum systems. As of yet, it is unclear whether and how the ETH applies to non-Hermitian systems. Here, we introduce…

The strong eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) provides a sufficient condition for thermalization and equilibration. Although it is expected to be hold in a wide class of highly chaotic theories, there are only a few analytic…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2026-01-19 Taishi Kawamoto

In the ongoing discussion on thermalization in closed quantum many-body systems, the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) has recently been proposed as a universal concept which attracted considerable attention. So far this concept…

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), which dictates that all diagonal matrix elements within a small energy shell be almost equal, is a major candidate to explain thermalization in isolated quantum systems. According to the…

统计力学 · 物理学 2018-02-27 Ryusuke Hamazaki , Masahito Ueda

A strongly non-integrable system is expected to satisfy the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, which states that the expectation value of an observable in an energy eigenstate is the same as the thermal value. This must be revised if the…

统计力学 · 物理学 2015-11-04 Keith R. Fratus , Mark Srednicki

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) posits that the reduced density matrix for a subsystem corresponding to an excited eigenstate is "thermal." Here we expound on this hypothesis by asking: for which class of operators, local or…

强关联电子 · 物理学 2018-05-02 James R. Garrison , Tarun Grover

According to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), the eigenstate-to-eigenstate fluctuations of expectation values of local observables should decrease with increasing system size. In approaching the thermodynamic limit - the…

统计力学 · 物理学 2021-04-14 Goran Nakerst , Masudul Haque

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is a conjecture on the nature of isolated quantum systems that guarantees the thermal behavior of subsystems when it is satisfied. ETH has been tested in various forms on a number of local…

统计力学 · 物理学 2019-09-18 Masudul Haque , Paul McClarty

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis(ETH) is a standard tool to understand the thermalization properties of an isolated quantum system. Its generalization to higher order correlations of matrix elements of local operators, dubbed the…

统计力学 · 物理学 2025-10-08 Tanay Pathak

Understanding how isolated quantum systems thermalize has recently gathered renewed interest almost 100 years after the first work by von Neumann, thanks to the experimental realizations of such systems. Experimental and numerical pieces of…

统计力学 · 物理学 2019-01-08 Ryusuke Hamazaki

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) explains why chaotic quantum many-body systems thermalize internally if the Hamiltonian lacks symmetries. If the Hamiltonian conserves one quantity ("charge"), the ETH implies thermalization…