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The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is foundational to modern discussions of thermalization in closed quantum systems. In this work, we expand on traditional explanations for the prevalence of ETH by emphasizing the role of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-02-10 Stefan Eccles

The validity of the ergodic hypothesis in quantum systems can be rephrased in the form of the eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis (ETH), a set of statistical properties for the matrix elements of local observables in energy eigenstates,…

统计力学 · 物理学 2024-10-16 Miha Srdinšek , Tomaž Prosen , Spyros Sotiriadis

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) posits how isolated quantum many-body systems thermalize, assuming that individual eigenstates at the same energy density have identical expectation values of local observables in the limit of…

统计力学 · 物理学 2026-01-14 Maksym Serbyn , Alexander Avdoshkin , Oriana K. Diessel , David A. Huse

Deriving conditions under which a macroscopic system thermalizes directly from the underlying quantum many-body dynamics of its microscopic constituents is a long-standing challenge in theoretical physics. The well-known eigenstate…

统计力学 · 物理学 2022-02-02 Lennart Dabelow , Patrick Vorndamme , Peter Reimann

We derive the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) from a random matrix Hamiltonian by extending the model introduced by J. M. Deutsch [Phys. Rev. A 43, 2046 (1991)]. We approximate the coupling between a subsystem and a many-body…

统计力学 · 物理学 2018-09-26 Charlie Nation , Diego Porras

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) was developed as a framework for understanding how the principles of statistical mechanics emerge in the long-time limit of isolated quantum many-body systems. Since then, ETH has shifted the…

统计力学 · 物理学 2025-12-01 Elisa Vallini , Laura Foini , Silvia Pappalardi

We verify that the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) holds universally for locally interacting quantum many-body systems. Introducing random-matrix ensembles with interactions, we numerically obtain a distribution of maximum…

统计力学 · 物理学 2021-03-31 Shoki Sugimoto , Ryusuke Hamazaki , Masahito Ueda

We investigate the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) for a translationally invariant quantum spin system on the $d$-dimensional cubic lattice under the periodic boundary conditions. It is known that the ETH holds in this model for…

统计力学 · 物理学 2016-10-03 Takashi Mori

We ask whether the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) is valid in a strong sense: in the limit of an infinite system, {\it every} eigenstate is thermal. We examine expectation values of few-body operators in highly-excited many-body…

统计力学 · 物理学 2014-11-13 Hyungwon Kim , Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda , David A. Huse

We consider a quantum system A U B made up of degrees of freedom that can be partitioned into spatially disjoint regions A and B. When the full system is in a pure state in which regions A and B are entangled, the quantum mechanics of…

统计力学 · 物理学 2014-11-27 Vedika Khemani , Anushya Chandran , Hyungwon Kim , S. L. Sondhi

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is a successful theory that establishes the criteria for ergodicity and thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems. In this work, we investigate the thermalization properties of…

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is one of the cornerstones in our understanding of quantum statistical mechanics. The extent to which ETH holds for nonlocal operators is an open question that we partially address in this…

统计力学 · 物理学 2019-02-27 Ivan M. Khaymovich , Masudul Haque , Paul A. McClarty

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) provides a sufficient condition for thermalization of isolated quantum systems. While the standard ETH is formulated in the absence of degeneracy, physical systems often possess symmetries that…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2026-05-27 Soma Onoda , Osamu Fukushima , Ryusuke Hamazaki , Okuto Morikawa

Complexity of dynamics is at the core of quantum many-body chaos and exhibits a hierarchical feature: higher-order complexity implies more chaotic dynamics. Conventional ergodicity in thermalization processes is a manifestation of the…

统计力学 · 物理学 2020-05-06 Kazuya Kaneko , Eiki Iyoda , Takahiro Sagawa

Generic rotationally invariant random matrix models satisfy a simple relation: the probability distribution of off-diagonal elements and the one of half the difference between any two diagonal elements coincide. In the spirit of the…

统计力学 · 物理学 2020-01-15 Laura Foini , Jorge Kurchan

Under the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH), quantum-quenched systems equilibrate towards canonical, thermal ensembles. While at first glance the ETH might seem a very strong hypothesis, we show that it is indeed not only…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-02-03 Giacomo De Palma , Alessio Serafini , Vittorio Giovannetti , Marcus Cramer

We investigate a weak version of subsystem eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) for a two-dimensional large central charge conformal field theory by comparing the local equivalence of high energy state and thermal state of canonical…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2017-11-22 Song He , Feng-Li Lin , Jia-ju Zhang

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) posits that the reduced density matrix for a subsystem corresponding to an excited eigenstate is "thermal." Here we expound on this hypothesis by asking: for which class of operators, local or…

强关联电子 · 物理学 2018-05-02 James R. Garrison , Tarun Grover

Under unitary time evolution, expectation values of physically reasonable observables often evolve towards the predictions of equilibrium statistical mechanics. The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) states that this is also true…

统计力学 · 物理学 2018-04-19 Fabio Anza , Christian Gogolin , Marcus Huber

In an isolated quantum many-body system undergoing unitary evolution, we study the thermalization of a subsystem, treating the rest of the system as a bath. In this setting, the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) was proposed to…

统计力学 · 物理学 2023-11-30 Aram W. Harrow , Yichen Huang