相关论文: Misplaced Confidence in Observed Power

A recent proposal to "redefine statistical significance" (Benjamin, et al. Nature Human Behaviour, 2017) claims that false positive rates "would immediately improve" by factors greater than two and replication rates would double simply by…

In randomized experiments with non-compliance scholars have argued that the complier average causal effect (CACE) ought to be the main causal estimand. The literature on inference of the complier average treatment effect (CACE) has focused…

We present a new estimator of the restricted mean survival time in randomized trials where there is right censoring that may depend on treatment and baseline variables. The proposed estimator leverages prognostic baseline variables to…

The statistical tests that are commonly used for detecting mean or median treatment effects suffer from low power when the two distribution functions differ only in the upper (or lower) tail, as in the assessment of the Total Sharp Score…

We consider the analyzing power on a spin-0 nuclear target. This observable is related to the imaginary part of the two-photon-exchange (box) diagram. We consider the contributions of elastic and inelastic intermediate states. The former…

The robust Wald confidence interval (CI) for the Cox model is commonly used when the model may be misspecified or when weights are applied. However it can perform poorly when there are few events in one or both treatment groups, as may…

We discuss some causal estimands used to study racial discrimination in policing. A central challenge is that not all police-civilian encounters are recorded in administrative datasets and available to researchers. One possible solution is…

In observational studies of survival time featuring a binary time-dependent treatment, the hazard ratio (an instantaneous measure) is often used to represent the treatment effect. However, investigators are often more interested in the…

Leveraging external controls -- relevant individual patient data under control from external trials or real-world data -- has the potential to reduce the cost of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) while increasing the proportion of trial…

Tests for proportional hazards assumption concerning specified covariates or groups of covariates are proposed. The class of alternatives is wide: log-hazard rates under different values of covariates may cross, approach, go away. The data…

Understanding how the causal effect of a treatment evolves over time, including the potential for waning, is important for informed decisions on treatment discontinuation or repetition. For example, waning vaccine protection influences…

Harrel's concordance index is a commonly used discrimination metric for survival models, particularly for models where the relative ordering of the risk of individuals is time-independent, such as the proportional hazards model. There are…

Citation distributions are so skewed that using the mean or any other central tendency measure is ill-advised. Unlike G. Prathap's scalar measures (Energy, Exergy, and Entropy or EEE), the Integrated Impact Indicator (I3) is based on…

We abstract the concept of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) as a triple (beta,b,s), where beta is the primary efficacy parameter, b the estimate and s the standard error (s>0). The parameter beta is either a difference of means, a log…

In placebo-controlled randomized trials, the post-randomization use of concomitant medications may be higher in the placebo arm than in the treatment arm. This may dilute the full benefits of the randomized drug as estimated by the…

Systemic risk measures were introduced to capture the global risk and the corresponding contagion effects that is generated by an interconnected system of financial institutions. To this purpose, two approaches were suggested. In the first…

With the advent of effective pre-exposure prophylaxis agents, active-controlled HIV prevention trials have become a common study design. Nevertheless, estimating absolute efficacy relative to a placebo remains important. In this paper, we…

The association between visit-to-visit systolic blood pressure variability and cardiovascular events has recently received a lot of attention in the cardiovascular literature. But blood pressure variability is usually estimated on a…

In epidemiological or demographic studies, with variable age at onset, a typical quantity of interest is the incidence of a disease (for example the cancer incidence). In these studies, the individuals are usually highly heterogeneous in…

How many experimental studies would have come to different conclusions had they been run on larger samples? I show how to estimate the expected number of statistically significant results that a set of experiments would have reported had…