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Spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) is a promising candidate for next generation memory as it is non-volatile, fast, and has unlimited endurance. Another important aspect of STT-MRAM is that its core component, the…

Spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory (STT-MRAM) relies on nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) as its fundamental building blocks. Next-generation STT-MRAM requires strategies that simultaneously improve switching energy…

Voltage-driven spin transfer torques in magnetic tunnel junctions provide an outstanding tool to design advanced spin-based devices for memory and reprogrammable logic applications. The non-linear voltage dependence of the torque has a…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2015-06-05 A. Manchon

Stochastic neurons are efficient hardware accelerators for solving a large variety of combinatorial optimization problems. "Binary" stochastic neurons (BSN) are those whose states fluctuate randomly between two levels +1 and -1, with the…

新兴技术 · 计算机科学 2024-04-03 Rahnuma Rahman , Samiran Ganguly , Supriyo Bandyopadhyay

Deterministic pseudo random number generators (PRNGs) used in generative artificial intelligence (GAI) models produce predictable patterns vulnerable to exploitation by attackers. Conventional defences against the vulnerabilities often come…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-03 Youwei Bao , Shuhan Yang , Hyunsoo Yang

Two promising strategies for achieving efficient control of magnetization in future magnetic memory and non-volatile spin logic devices are spin transfer torque from spin polarized currents and voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA).…

材料科学 · 物理学 2012-09-06 Luqiao Liu , Chi-Feng Pai , D. C. Ralph , R. A. Buhrman

We propose a reconfigurable bit comparator implemented with a nanowire spin valve whose two contacts are magnetostrictive with bistable magnetization. Reference and input bits are "written" into the magnetization states of the two contacts…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2023-01-24 Ayan K. Biswas , Jayasimha Atulasimha , Supriyo Bandyopadhyay

Recent studies have shown that nonlinear magnetization dynamics excited in nanostructured ferromagnets are applicable to brain-inspired computing such as physical reservoir computing. The previous works have utilized the magnetization…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2023-06-26 Tomohiro Taniguchi , Amon Ogihara , Yasuhiro Utsumi , Sumito Tsunegi

Brain-inspired computing architectures attempt to emulate the computations performed in the neurons and the synapses in human brain. Memristors with continuously tunable resistances are ideal building blocks for artificial synapses. Through…

We have developed and optimized two categories of spin transfer torque magnetic tunnel junctions (STT-MTJs) that exhibit a high tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio, low critical current, high outputpower in the micro watt range, and…

In neuroscience, population coding theory demonstrates that neural assemblies can achieve fault-tolerant information processing. Mapped to nanoelectronics, this strategy could allow for reliable computing with scaled-down, noisy, imperfect…

Coupling, synchronization, and non-linear dynamics of resonator modes are omnipresent in nature and highly relevant for a multitude of applications ranging from lasers to Josephson arrays and spin torque oscillators. Nanomechanical…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2018-09-12 Matthias Pernpeintner , Philip Schmidt , Daniel Schwienbacher , Rudolf Gross , Hans Huebl

This paper proposes a novel spiking artificial neuron design based on a combined spin valve/magnetic tunnel junction (SV/MTJ). Traditional hardware used in artificial intelligence and machine learning faces significant challenges related to…

应用物理 · 物理学 2025-06-10 Steven Louis , Hannah Bradley , Cody Trevillian , Andrei Slavin , Vasyl Tyberkevych

Stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions (s-MTJs) are core components for spintronics-based probabilistic computing (p-computing), a promising candidate for energy-efficient unconventional computing. To achieve reliable performance under…

Probabilistic computers replace logic gates with networks of interacting random variables, creating bidirectional systems that can back-derive inputs from outputs. Such architectures enable efficient generation of random samples,…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2026-01-21 Shreyes Nallan , Jian-Gang Zhu

Magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) technologies with thermally unstable nanomagnets are leveraged to develop an intrinsic stochastic neuron as a building block for restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) to form deep belief networks…

新兴技术 · 计算机科学 2019-04-01 Ramtin Zand , Kerem Y. Camsari , Supriyo Datta , Ronald F. DeMara

We demonstrate excitation of ferromagnetic resonance in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) by the combined action of voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) and spin transfer torque (ST). Our measurements reveal that…

Serial connection of multiple memory cells using perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (pMTJ) is proposed as a way to increase magnetic random access memory (MRAM) storage density. Multi-bit storage element is designed using pMTJs…

应用物理 · 物理学 2019-07-24 Piotr Rzeszut , Witold Skowroński , Sławomir Ziętek , Jerzy Wrona , Tomasz Stobiecki

The high current density required by Magnetic Tunneling Junction (MTJ) switching driven by Spin Transfer Torque (STT) effect leads to large power consumption and severe reliability issues therefore hinder the timetable for STT Magnetic…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2016-11-01 Lang Zeng , Tianqi Gao , Deming Zhang , Shouzhong Peng , Fanghui Gong , Xiaowan Qin , Mingzhi Long , Youguang Zhang , Weisheng Zhao

The inherent stochasticity in many nano-scale devices makes them prospective candidates for low-power computations. Such devices have been demonstrated to exhibit probabilistic switching between two stable states to achieve stochastic…

新兴技术 · 计算机科学 2018-05-24 Indranil Chakraborty , Amogh Agrawal , Kaushik Roy