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This paper summarizes our work on characterizing application memory error vulnerability to optimize datacenter cost via Heterogeneous-Reliability Memory (HRM), which was published in DSN 2014, and examines the work's significance and future…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2018-05-11 Yixin Luo , Sriram Govindan , Bikash Sharma , Mark Santaniello , Justin Meza , Aman Kansal , Jie Liu , Badriddine Khessib , Kushagra Vaid , Onur Mutlu

In this work, we study a recently proposed direct shaping code for flash memory. This rate-1 code is designed to reduce the wear for SLC (one bit per cell) flash by minimizing the average fraction of programmed cells when storing structured…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2020-07-14 Yi Liu , Paul H. Siegel

Improvements in main memory storage density are primarily driven by process technology scaling, which negatively impacts reliability by exacerbating various circuit-level error mechanisms. To compensate for growing error rates, both memory…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2022-04-25 Minesh Patel

Flash memories intended for SSD and mobile applications need to provide high random I/O performance. This requires using efficient schemes for reading small chunks of data (e.g. 0.5KB - 4KB) from random addresses. Furthermore, in order to…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2012-03-01 Eran Sharon , Idan Alrod

The current flash memory technology focuses on the cost minimization of its static storage capacity. However, the resulting approach supports a relatively small number of program-erase cycles. This technology is effective for consumer…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2015-01-05 Eyal En Gad , Eitan Yaakobi , Anxiao , Jiang , Jehoshua Bruck

Although NAND flash memory has achieved continuous capacity improvements via advanced 3D stacking and multi-level cell technologies, these innovations introduce new reliability challenges, particularly lateral charge spreading (LCS), absent…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Omin Kwon , Kyungjun Oh , Jaeyong Lee , Myungsuk Kim , Jihong Kim

The NAND flash memory channel is corrupted by different types of noises, such as the data retention noise and the wear-out noise, which lead to unknown channel offset and make the flash memory channel non-stationary. In the literature,…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Zhen Mei , Kui Cai , Long Shi , Jun Li , Li Chen , Kees A. Schouhamer Immink

Resistive memories have limited lifetime caused by limited write endurance and highly non-uniform write access patterns. Two main techniques to mitigate endurance-related memory failures are 1) wear-leveling, to evenly distribute the writes…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2020-10-07 Leonid Yavits , Lois Orosa , Suyash Mahar , João Dinis Ferreira , Mattan Erez , Ran Ginosar , Onur Mutlu

As dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and other current transistor-based memories approach their scalability limits, the search for alternative storage methods becomes increasingly urgent. Phase-change memory (PCM) emerges as a promising…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Mahek Desai , Rowena Quinn , Marjan Asadinia

Semiconductor NAND Flash based memory technology dominates the electronic Non-Volatile storage media market. Though NAND Flash offers superior performance and reliability over conventional magnetic HDDs, yet it suffers from certain…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-01-22 Abhilash Garg , Supriya Chakraborty , Manoj Malik , Devesh Kumar , Satyajeet Singh , Manan Suri

Machine Learning (ML) is making a strong resurgence in tune with the massive generation of unstructured data which in turn requires massive computational resources. Due to the inherently compute- and power-intensive structure of Neural…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-06-27 Behzad Salami , Osman Unsal , Adrian Cristal

Flash memory is a non-volatile computer memory comprised of blocks of cells, wherein each cell is implemented as either NAND or NOR floating gate. NAND flash is currently the most widely used type of flash memory. In a NAND flash memory,…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2009-11-23 Anxiao , Jiang , Robert Mateescu , Eitan Yaakobi , Jehoshua Bruck , Paul H. Siegel , Alexander Vardy , Jack K. Wolf

Magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) is a promising memory technology due to its high density, non-volatility, and high endurance. However, achieving high memory fidelity incurs significant write-energy costs, which should be reduced for…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2020-09-22 Yongjune Kim , Yoocharn Jeon , Cyril Guyot , Yuval Cassuto

This paper summarizes our work on experimental characterization and analysis of reduced-voltage operation in modern DRAM chips, which was published in SIGMETRICS 2017, and examines the work's significance and future potential. We take a…

Due to increasing cache sizes and large leakage consumption of SRAM device, conventional SRAM caches contribute significantly to the processor power consumption. Recently researchers have used non-volatile memory devices to design caches,…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2014-05-01 Sparsh Mittal

Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM) as one of the most promising replacements for SRAMs in on-chip cache memories benefits from higher density and scalability, near-zero leakage power, and non-volatility, but its reliability is…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-01-05 Elham Cheshmikhani , Hamed Farbeh , Hossein Asadi

The size reduction of transistors in the latest flash memory generation has resulted in programming and data erasure issues within these designs. Consequently, ensuring reliable data storage has become a significant challenge for these…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2023-07-18 Saeideh Nabipour , Javad Javidan

Due to the small size of nanoscale devices, they are highly prone to process disturbances which results in manufacturing defects. Some of the defects are randomly distributed throughout the nanodevice layer. Other disturbances tend to be…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2019-07-11 Hossein Pourmeidani , Mehdi Habibi

Recommendation system has gained a large popularity for a variety of personalized suggestion tasks, but the ever-increasing number of user data makes real-time processing of recommendation systems difficult. NAND flash memory-based…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-04-29 Jangho Baik , Sunghyun Kim , Gisan Ji , Wonbo Shim , Sungju Ryu

Voltage controlled magnetoresistive random access memory (VC MRAM) is a promising candidate for a future low-power high-density memory. The main causes of bit errors in VC MRAM are write error and retention error. As the size of the memory…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2023-04-05 Hiroko Arai , Hiroshi Imamura