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We introduce and study Fair and Tolerant colorings (FAT colorings), where each vertex tolerates a given fraction of same-colored neighbors while fairness is preserved across the other coloring classes. Moreover, we define the FAT chromatic…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-11-14 Lies Beers , Raffaella Mulas

A proper coloring of the vertices of a graph is called a \emph{star coloring} if the union of every two color classes induces a star forest. The star chromatic number $\chi_s(G)$ is the smallest number of colors required to obtain a star…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-05-17 Yuehua Bu , Daniel W. Cranston , Mickaël Montassier , André Raspaud , Weifan Wang

An \emph{additive coloring} of a graph $G$ is an assignment of positive integers $\{1,2,...,k\}$ to the vertices of $G$ such that for every two adjacent vertices the sums of numbers assigned to their neighbors are different. The minimum…

We investigate Fair and Tolerant (FAT) graph colorings, a coloring framework in which each vertex is allowed to share its color with a prescribed fraction of its neighbors, while the remaining neighbors are required to be distributed evenly…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-04-24 Lies Beers , Raffaella Mulas

For a given graph $H$ we define $\rho(H)$ to be the minimum order of a graph $G$ such that every proper vertex coloring of $G$ contains a rainbow induced subgraph isomorphic to $H$. We give upper and lower bounds for $\rho(H)$, compute the…

组合数学 · 数学 2011-05-19 Andrzej Kisielewicz , Marek Szykuła

In this paper we study the number of vertex recolorings that an algorithm needs to perform in order to maintain a proper coloring of a graph under insertion and deletion of vertices and edges. We present two algorithms that achieve…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2018-06-26 Luis Barba , Jean Cardinal , Matias Korman , Stefan Langerman , André van Renssen , Marcel Roeloffzen , Sander Verdonschot

We show a method how to convert any graph into the binary number and vice versa. We derive upper bound for maximum number of graphs, that, have fixed number of vertices and can be colored with n colors (n is any given number). Proof for the…

组合数学 · 数学 2007-05-23 Kamil Kulesza , Zbigniew Kotulski

An $r$-hued coloring of a simple graph $G$ is a proper coloring of its vertices such that every vertex $v$ is adjacent to at least $\min\{r, \deg(v)\}$ differently colored vertices. The minimum number of colors needed for an $r$-hued…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-11-03 Stanislav Jendroľ , Alfréd Onderko

For integers $k>0$ and $0<r \leq \Delta$ (where $r \leq k$), a conditional $(k,r)$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper $k$-coloring of the vertices of $G$ such that every vertex $v$ of degree $d(v)$ in $G$ is adjacent to vertices with at…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2012-01-31 P. V. Subba Reddy , K. V. Iyer

The chromatic number $\chi(G)$ of a graph $G$ is defined as the minimum number of colours required for a vertex colouring where no two adjacent vertices are coloured the same. The chromatic number of the dense random graph $G \sim G(n,p)$…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-03-29 Annika Heckel

We give a short proof of a bound on the list chromatic number of graphs $G$ of maximum degree $\Delta$ where each neighbourhood has density at most $d$, namely $\chi_\ell(G) \le (1+o(1)) \frac{\Delta}{\ln \frac{\Delta}{d+1}}$ as…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-11-29 François Pirot , Eoin Hurley

We propose two strategies for Presenter in on-line graph coloring games. The first one constructs bipartite graphs and forces any on-line coloring algorithm to use $2\log_2 n - 10$ colors, where $n$ is the number of vertices in the…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-12-17 Grzegorz Gutowski , Jakub Kozik , Piotr Micek , Xuding Zhu

In this paper, we propose a new family of graphs, matrix graphs, whose vertex set $\mathbb{F}^{N\times n}_q$ is the set of all $N\times n$ matrices over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ for any positive integers $N$ and $n$. And any two…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-12-23 Zhe Han , Mei Lu

A proper coloring $\phi$ of $G$ is called a proper conflict-free coloring of $G$ if for every non-isolated vertex $v$ of $G$, there is a color $c$ such that $|\phi^{-1}(c)\cap N_G(v)|=1$. As an analogy of degree-choosability of graphs, we…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-09-22 Masaki Kashima , Riste Škrekovski , Rongxing Xu

An edge-coloring of a graph $G$ with colors $1,...,t$ is called an interval $t$-coloring if all colors are used, and the colors of edges incident to any vertex of $G$ are distinct and form an interval of integers. In 1991 Erd\H{o}s…

组合数学 · 数学 2013-01-21 Petros A. Petrosyan , Hrant H. Khachatrian

The vertex coloring problem asks for the minimum number of colors that can be assigned to the vertices of a given graph such that for all vertices v the color of v is different from the color of any of its neighbors. The problem is NP-hard.…

计算几何 · 计算机科学 2017-07-12 Adalat Jabrayilov , Petra Mutzel

In this paper, we investigate the \textsc{Grundy Coloring} problem for graphs with a cluster modulator, a structure commonly found in dense graphs. The Grundy chromatic number, representing the maximum number of colors needed for the…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2024-12-16 Sina Ghasemi Nezhad , Maryam Moghaddas , Fahad Panolan

The proper conflict-free chromatic number, $\chi_{pcf}(G)$, of a graph $G$ is the least $k$ such that $G$ has a proper $k$-coloring in which for each non-isolated vertex there is a color appearing exactly once among its neighbors. The…

An $n$-subdivision of a graph $G$ is a graph constructed by replacing a path of length $n$ instead of each edge of $G$ and an $m$-power of $G$ is a graph with the same vertices as $G$ and any two vertices of $G$ at distance at most $m$ are…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-05-17 Mahsa Mozafari-Nia , Moharram N. Iradmusa

Coloring a graph $G$ consists in finding an assignment of colors $c: V(G)\to\{1,\ldots,p\}$ such that any pair of adjacent vertices receives different colors. The minimum integer $p$ such that a coloring exists is called the chromatic…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2019-12-25 Théo Pierron