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In this paper outer, or dual, billiards outside regular polygons are studied; in particular, periodic points for cases of strictly convex "tables" and for regular n-gons with n = 3,4,6,8,12 are discussed. The main results of the paper are:…

动力系统 · 数学 2017-11-27 Filipp Rukhovich

The mathematics of shuffling a deck of $2n$ cards with two "perfect shuffles" was brought into clarity by Diaconis, Graham and Kantor. Here we consider a generalisation of this problem, with a so-called "many handed dealer" shuffling $kn$…

群论 · 数学 2019-08-15 Carmen Amarra , Luke Morgan , Cheryl E. Praeger

An oriented tree $T$ on $n$ vertices is unavoidable if every tournament on $n$ vertices contains a copy of $T$. In this paper we give a sufficient condition for $T$ to be unavoidable, and use this to prove that almost all labelled oriented…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-09-13 Richard Mycroft , Tássio Naia

We prove that, with high probability, in every $2$-edge-colouring of the random tournament on $n$ vertices there is a monochromatic copy of every oriented tree of order $O (n / \sqrt{\log n})$. This generalises a result of the first, third…

组合数学 · 数学 2020-06-03 Matija Bucic , Sven Heberle , Shoham Letzter , Benny Sudakov

Akin to the Erd\H{o}s-Rademacher problem, Linial and Morgenstern made the following conjecture in tournaments: for any $d\in (0,1]$, among all $n$-vertex tournaments with $d\binom{n}{3}$ many 3-cycles, the number of 4-cycles is…

组合数学 · 数学 2020-12-01 Jie Ma , Tianyun Tang

P. J. Kelly conjectured in 1968 that every diregular tournament on (2n+1) points can be decomposed in directed Hamilton circuits [1]. We define so called leading diregular tournament on (2n+1) points and show that it can be decomposed in…

综合数学 · 数学 2008-06-28 Dhananjay P. Mehendale

A tournament $T$ is a tournament completion of a bipartite tournament $D$ if $D$ is a spanning subdigraph of $T$, i.e., $V(D)=V(T)$ and $A(D)\subseteq A(T)$. If $C$ is a $k$-dicycle (i.e., directed cycle of length $k$) in a tournament…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-06-12 H. W. Willie Wong

Linial and Morgenstern conjectured that, among all $n$-vertex tournaments with $d\binom{n}{3}$ cycles of length three, the number of cycles of length four is asymptotically minimized by a random blow-up of a transitive tournament with all…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-09-16 Timothy F. N. Chan , Andrzej Grzesik , Daniel Kral , Jonathan A. Noel

A multipartite tournament is an orientation of a complete $k$-partite graph for some positive integer $k\geq 3$. We say that a multipartite tournament $D$ is tight if every partite set forms a clique in the $(1,2)$-step competition graph,…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-02-20 Myungho Choi , Suh-Ryung Kim

We study the density of fixed strongly connected subtournaments on 5 vertices in large tournaments. We determine the maximum density asymptotically for five tournaments as well as unique extremal sequences for each tournament. As a…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-09-11 Leonardo N. Coregliano , Roberto F. Parente , Cristiane M. Sato

A celebrated unresolved conjecture of Erd\"{o}s and Hajnal states that for every undirected graph $H$ there exists $ \epsilon(H) > 0 $ such that every undirected graph on $ n $ vertices that does not contain $H$ as an induced subgraph…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-08-10 Salman Ghazal , Soukaina Zayat

In 2010, N. Lichiardopol conjectured for $q \geq 3$ and $k \geq 1$ that any tournament with minimum out-degree at least $(q-1)k-1$ contains $k$ disjoint cycles of length $q$. We prove this conjecture for $q \geq 5$. Since it is already…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-10-31 Fuhong Ma , Douglas B. West , Jin Yan

The clique number of a tournament is the maximum clique number of a graph formed by keeping backwards arcs in an ordering of its vertices. We study the time complexity of computing the clique number of a tournament and prove that, for any…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-01-17 Guillaume Aubian

We study Maker/Breaker games on the edges of the complete graph, as introduced by Chvatal and Erdos. We show that in the (m:b) clique game played on K_{N}, the complete graph on N vertices, Maker can achieve a K_{q} for q = (m/(log_{2}(b +…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2009-09-25 Heidi Gebauer

In this paper, we study $(1,2)$-step competition graphs of bipartite tournaments. A bipartite tournament means an orientation of a complete bipartite graph. We show that the $(1,2)$-step competition graph of a bipartite tournament has at…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-11-11 Jihoon Choi , Soogang Eoh , Suh-Ryung Kim , So Jung Lee

The pattern of a matrix M is a (0,1)-matrix which replaces all non-zero entries of M with a 1. A directed graph is said to support M if its adjacency matrix is the pattern of M. If M is an orthogonal matrix, then a digraph which supports M…

组合数学 · 数学 2007-05-23 J. Richard Lundgren , K. B. Reid , Simone Severini , Dustin J. Stewart

A $k$-tournament $H$ on $n$ vertices is a pair $(V, A)$ for $2\leq k\leq n$, where $V(H)$ is a set of vertices, and $A(H)$ is a set of all possible $k$-tuples of vertices, such that for any $k$-subset $S$ of $V$, $A(H)$ contains exactly one…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-01-25 Jiangdong Ai , Qiming Dai , Qiwen Guo , Yingqi Hu , Changxin Wang

A diamond is a $4$-tournament which consists of a vertex dominating or dominated by a $3$-cycle. Assuming the existence of skew-conference matrices, we give a complete characterization of $n$-tournaments with the maximum number of diamonds…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-06-12 Wiam Belkouche , Abderrahim Boussaïri , Soufiane Lakhlifi , Mohamed Zaidi

We propose a systematic methodology for defining tournament solutions as extensions of maximality. The central concepts of this methodology are maximal qualified subsets and minimal stable sets. We thus obtain an infinite hierarchy of…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-02-06 Felix Brandt

A {\em signed magic rectangle} $SMR(m,n;k, s)$ is an $m \times n$ array with entries from $X$, where $X=\{0,\pm1,\pm2,\ldots, $ $\pm (mk-1)/2\}$ if $mk$ is odd and $X = \{\pm1,\pm2,\ldots,\pm mk/2\}$ if $mk$ is even, such that precisely $k$…

组合数学 · 数学 2020-09-21 Abdollah Khodkar , David Leach , Brandi Ellis