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Let $F= < a,b>$ be a rank two free group. A word $W(a,b)$ in $F$ is {\sl primitive} if it, along with another group element, generates the group. It is a {\sl palindrome} (with respect to $a$ and $b$) if it reads the same forwards and…

Let G be a group and S a subset of G that generates G. For each x in G define the length l_S(x) of x relative to S to be the minimal k such that x is a product of k elements of S. The supremum of the values l_S(x), x \in G, is called the…

A palindrome is a word that reads the same left-to-right as right-to-left. We show that every simple group has a finite generating set $X$, such that every element of it can be written as a palindrome in the letters of $X$. Moreover, every…

The discreteness problem, that is, the problem of determining whether or not a given finitely generated group G of orientation preserving isometries of hyperbolic three-space is discrete as a subgroup of the whole isometry group of…

A palindrome in a free group F_n is a word on some fixed free basis of F_n that reads the same backwards as forwards. The palindromic automorphism group \Pi A_n of the free group F_n consists of automorphisms that take each member of some…

In the paper (Osaka J. Math. {\bf 46}: 403-409, 2009), Yang conjectured that a non-elementary subgroup $G$ of $SL(2, \bc)$ containing elliptic elements is discrete if for each elliptic element $g\in G$ the group $< f, g >$ is discrete,…

Let $G$ be a finitely generated group of isometries of $\HH^m$, hyperbolic $m$-space, for some positive integer $m$. %or equivalently elements of $PSL(2,\CC)$. The discreteness problem is to determine whether or not $G$ is discrete. Even in…

Let $\mathbb F=\mathbb R$, $\mathbb C$ or $\mathbb H$. Let ${\bf H}_{\mathbb F}^n$ denote the $n$-dimensional $\mathbb F$-hyperbolic space. Let ${\rm U}(n,1; \mathbb F)$ be the linear group that acts by the isometries. A subgroup $G$ of…

Let ${{\bf H}_{\mathbb H}}^n$ denote the $n$-dimensional quaternionic hyperbolic space. The linear group ${\rm{Sp}}(n,1)$ acts by the isometries of ${{\bf H}_{\mathbb H}}^n$. A subgroup $G$ of ${\rm {Sp}}(n,1)$ is called \emph{Zariski…

The palindromic length of a finite word $w$ is defined as the minimal number of palindromes such that their product is $w$. Clearly, this function may take different values depending on if we consider $w$ as an element a free semigroup or…

We study the geometry of compact geodesic spaces with trivial first Betti number admitting large finite groups of isometries. We show that if a finite group $G$ acts by isometries on a compact geodesic space $X$ whose first Betti number…

Palindromes are those reduced words of free products of groups that coincide with their reverse words. We prove that a free product of groups $G$ has infinite palindromic width, provided that $G$ is not the free product of two cyclic groups…

The present paper records more details of the relationship between primitive elements and palindromes in F_2, the free group of rank two. We characterise the conjugacy classes of primitive elements which contain palindromes as those which…

Let $K$ be a non-archimedean local field with residue field of characteristic $p$. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a two-generator subgroup $G$ of ${\rm PSL_2}(K)$ to be discrete, where either $K=\mathbb{Q}_p$ or $G$…

The classical prime geodesic theorem (PGT) gives an asymptotic formula (as $x$ tends to infinity) for the number of closed geodesics with length at most $x$ on a hyperbolic manifold $M$. Closed geodesics correspond to conjugacy classes of…

Let $\boldsymbol{G}$ be an algebraic group of exceptional Lie type in characteristic $p$, $G=\boldsymbol{G}^{\sigma}$ its fixed-point subgroup under the action of a Steinberg endomorphism $\sigma$, and $\overline{G}$ an almost simple group…

An irreducible representation of the free group on two generators X,Y into SL(2,C) is determined up to conjugation by the traces of X,Y and XY. We study the diagonal slice of representations for which X,Y and XY have equal trace. Using the…

Let $G$ be a real centre-free semisimple Lie group without compact factors. I prove that irreducible lattices in $G$ are rigid under two types of sublinear distortions. The first result is that the class of lattices in groups that do not…

For every finite generating set on the integer Heisenberg group H(Z), Pansu showed that the word metric has the large-scale structure of a Carnot-Caratheodory Finsler metric on the real Heisenberg group H(R). We study the properties of…

We study the discreteness for non-elementary subgroup G in PU(1, n;C), under the assumption that G satisfies Condition A. Mainly, we present that one can use a test map, which need not to be in G, to examine the discreteness of G, and also…