物理与社会
Power grid frequency stability is fundamental to the secure operation of modern energy systems, yet the growing penetration of renewables and the associated reduction of system inertia have made frequency fluctuations increasingly…
Digitalisation transforms money from distinguishable physical objects into fungible informational units. A recent theoretical framework predicts that such indistinguishable wealth obeys bosonic occupancy statistics, leading to geometric…
In this work we evaluate the excitation and measurement patterns (EMP) for networks with tree topology. We investigate guidelines for the selection of the minimal EMPs, i.e. those with the least number of excited and measured nodes…
We formalize a generalized form of the Pareto principle - ``fraction $p$ of inputs yields fraction $1-p$ of outputs'' - as a property of non-negative gain densities $\ell \in L^1([0,1])$, working with the decreasing rearrangement to obtain…
Social mobilization often fails not for a lack of collective interest, but because of fierce competition between rival movements for the same limited pool of participants. We generalize the classic threshold model of collective behavior to…
Gender imbalance in Physics remains a persistent global challenge, and Brazil is no exception. While women account for only 24% of Physics faculty in the country, their representation in Quantum Physics is even smaller. In this work, we…
Empirical confirmation of the environmental-dominance inequality Var(ln rho_eff) >> Var(ln k) from arXiv:2605.02985, computed directly from three public datasets (Opportunity Atlas, World Bank GDP per capita PPP, World Inequality Database)…
We study a triplet majority-rule opinion-dynamics model with collective reversal on quenched networks. Interactions occur on local triplets composed of one agent and two of its neighbors, while collective reversal acts only on unanimous…
We present results from the Big Mysteries Survey, a large-scale survey conducted through the American Physical Society's Physics Magazine on foundational and controversial topics in contemporary physics. The survey provides a snapshot of…
Accurate knowledge of power grid topology is a prerequisite for effective state estimation and grid stability. While data-driven methods for topology reconstruction exist, the minimum requirements for measurement quality, specifically…
Most mathematical models of opinion dynamics treat attitudes as scalar quantities or positions on a low-dimensional ideological axis. Empirical attitudes, however, are bundles of positions across many policy issues, and the geometry of the…
Artificial intelligence safety research focuses on aligning individual language models with human values, yet deployed AI systems increasingly operate as interacting populations where social influence may override individual alignment. Here…
Decision-making by imitating the highest earners has been observed in experimental studies. In two-strategy decision-making problems, this behavior may result in perpetual fluctuations in the population proportions of the two strategies.…
The Hotelling-Downs model considers parties changing policy to maximise their vote-share. Where policy position lies on a left-right axis, it describes a tendency for political parties to move towards centrist platforms. This is in contrast…
Agglomeration economies drive urban growth at different spatial scales by enabling productivity gains, knowledge spillovers, and shared inputs among proximate firms and amenities. To develop a unified science of cities it is thus important…
Online platforms provide an infrastructure for social movements, leaving digital traces that can be modelled as networks to quantify how information, participation, and coordination emerge during episodes of collective action and evolve…
The strategic placement of bike-sharing infrastructure shapes urban accessibility and mobility outcomes. However, station-allocation approaches vary in their assumptions and decision logic. This study examines how alternative modelling…
Pathways that describe the optimal evolution of energy systems across multiple decades are important in energy system research and policy literature, with net-zero and similar climate policies being common drivers behind them. While there…
A key principle in resilience thinking is Embracing Change because change is, indeed, inevitable. In the face of a growing number of disasters, natural and human-made disasters, our critical infrastructures (CIs) are being challenged like…
The emergence of cooperation in the groups of interacting agents is one of the most fascinating phenomena observed in many complex systems studied in social science and ecology, even in the situations where one would expect the agent to use…