物理与社会
Recently, UEFA changed the group stage of its international soccer competitions to an incomplete round robin tournament. Previously, teams were divided into groups, each playing a double round robin tournament with a resulting ranking…
Coping with prolonged periods of low availability of wind and solar power, also referred to as variable renewable energy droughts or "Dunkelflaute", emerges as a key challenge for realizing decarbonized energy systems based on renewable…
The short-board effect, analogous to Liebig's Law of the Minimum, postulates that the collective performance of a team is constrained by its weakest component. This principle has profound implications for the optimization of collaboration…
As the current thermo-industrial civilization expands, its technological and societal complexities increase. We suggest that physical power, economic activity and societal complexity are linked. A simple, intuitive model based on Systems…
Dengue transmission is rapidly expanding beyond its historical tropical range, raising concerns about how climate change may alter the collective dynamics of epidemics. While most studies focus on transmission risk, much less is known about…
Societies are quintessential open systems, shaped by internal dynamics as well as external influences. The question is how these external influences alter the collective behavior and network dynamics. To answer this, we investigate…
Collective motion in active matter is usually modelled through instantaneous local alignment, where each agent updates its heading from the current configuration of its neighbours. Many biological and engineered agents, however, possess…
Many complex networks, ranging from social to biological systems, exhibit structural patterns consistent with an underlying hyperbolic geometry. Revealing the dimensionality of this latent space can disentangle the structural complexity of…
In this research, we quantify an inflow of women into science in the past three decades. Structured Big Data allow us to estimate the contribution of women scientists to the growth of science by disciplines (N = STEMM 14 disciplines) and…
Physics seeks to uncover the laws of Nature and express them through mathematical equations. Despite the vast diversity of natural phenomena, physical equations exhibit structural regularities that set them apart from arbitrary mathematical…
National science systems have become embedded in global science and countries do everything they can to harness global knowledge to national economic needs. However, accessing and using the riches of global knowledge can occur only through…
Global food security depends on tightly coupled international supply chains including natural gas, mineral fertilizers, and staple crops. Earlier research has examined potential consequences of disruptions in each of these domains…
Many complex systems are organized around complementary roles and naturally described as bipartite networks. Unveiling their multiscale structure presents a fundamental challenge because coarse-graining procedures must preserve role…
Cold storage is a persistent constraint in sub-Saharan African informal food systems, where perishables are traded in open-air markets with intermittent electricity and grid-tied or battery-heavy cold chains are too costly to scale. We…
Real-world electric vehicle (EV) energy consumption can deviate by 20-40% from rated values, driven by ambient temperature, traffic congestion, and route characteristics. Existing studies treat these factors in isolation or as static loads,…
Pedestrian arrival times exhibit complex temporal organization across multiple scales, shaped by working hours, transportation schedules, and collective behaviors - features often neglected in conventional pedestrian arrival models. Using a…
Breast thermography provides a noninvasive and contact-free method for observing tumor-associated thermal anomalies. However, the extent to which surface temperature patterns reflect the internal physiology of a tumor remains an open…
Societal complexity may be at a historical peak. Distinct from entropy, complexity tends to rise as systems move away from order, crest at an intermediate state, and decline as entropy continues increasing. The use of a thermodynamic…
Recognition of a user's influence level has attracted much attention as human interactions move online. Influential users have the ability to sway others' opinions to achieve some goals. As a result, predicting users' level of influence can…
The Parallel Minority Game (PMG) refers to a set of Minority Games (MG), played in parallel, where each agent only has two choices to pick from, but each choice can host agents of many kind i.e., their other alternative can be from any…