物理与社会
First principle network models are crucial to make sense of the intricate topology of real complex networks. While modeling efforts have been quite successful in undirected networks, generative models for networks with asymmetric…
We propose a new approach to identifying geographical clustering and hotspots of inequality from decadal census data. We use diffusion mapping to study the 181,408 Output Areas in England and Wales, which allows us to decompose the feature…
Satellite imagery is gaining popularity as a valuable tool to lower the impact on natural resources and increase profits for farmers. The purpose of this study is twofold: to mine the scientific literature to reveal the structure of this…
In this work we assess the role played by the dynamical adaptation of the interactions network, among agents playing Coordination Games, in reaching global coordination and in the equilibrium selection. Specifically, we analyze a…
Incorporating social factors into disease prevention and control efforts is an important undertaking of behavioral epidemiology. The interplay between disease transmission and human health behaviors, such as vaccine uptake, results in…
Consensus decision-making in social groups strongly depends on communication links that determine to whom individuals send, and from whom they receive, information. Here, we ask how consensus decisions are affected by strategic updating of…
Many networks exhibit some community structure. There exists a wide variety of approaches to detect communities in networks, each offering different interpretations and associated algorithms. For large networks, there is the additional…
We introduce a spectral embedding algorithm for finding proximal relationships between nodes in signed graphs, where edges can take either positive or negative weights. Adopting a physical perspective, we construct a Hamiltonian which is…
The existence of bottlenecks often leads to the stagnation of pedestrian gatherings, which seriously affects the efficiency of traffic and reduces the flow of pedestrians. Some studies have shown that setting devices in front of bottlenecks…
Pedestrian egress from training schools in the after-class period (especially in China, as children walk down stairs together with their parents) raises practical concerns related to degraded flow conditions and possible safety hazards, but…
Binary-state models are those in which the constituent elements can only appear in two possible configurations. These models are fundamental in the mathematical treatment of a number of phenomena such as spin interactions in magnetism,…
Various panel sessions were organized to highlight the activities of the African Strategy for Fundamental and Applied Physics (ASFAP) Working Groups during the second African Conference of Fundamental and Applied Physics (ACP2021) that was…
We compare face-to-face interaction data recorded by wearable sensors in various sociological environments. The interactions among individuals display a clear environment-dependent diversity in agreement with previous analyses. The contact…
Self-organisation in territories leads to the emergence of patterns in urban systems that shape the interactions between cities, resulting in a hierarchical organisation. Governance follows as well a hierarchical structure, breaking the…
The space of possible human cultures is vast, but some cultural configurations are more consistent with cognitive and social constraints than others. This leads to a ``landscape'' of possibilities that our species has explored over…
The development of smart city transport systems, including self-driving cars, leads to an increase in the threat of hostile interference in the processes of vehicle control. This interference may disrupt the normal functioning of the…
Recent experimental and empirical observations have demonstrated that stochasticity plays a critical role in car following (CF) dynamics. To reproduce the observations, quite a few stochastic CF models have been proposed. However, while…
The secretary problem has been a focus of extensive study with a variety of extensions that offer useful insights into the theory of optimal stopping. The original solution is to set one stopping threshold that gives rise to an immediately…
We live in a world brimming with uncertainty, where we constantly have to make a lot of decisions under incomplete information. We are firm believers that our subjective belief cannot be computed by rigorous mathematical formula; instead…
We present three models used to describe the recruitment of the undecided population by pro-vax and no-vax factions. Starting from real-world data of Facebook pages, we compare three opinion dynamics models that catch different behaviours…