物理与社会
The Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (IPD) is a well studied framework for understanding direct reciprocity and cooperation in pairwise encounters. However, measuring the morality of various IPD strategies is still largely lacking. Here, we…
A tipping point can be defined as an abrupt shift in the properties or behaviour of a system. Tipping points in complex systems from a wide variety of scientific disciplines have been compared to phase transitions in physics, but consistent…
Recently, we developed a theory of a geometrically growing system. Here we show that the theory can explain some phenomena of power-law distribution including classical demographic and economic and novel pandemic instances, without…
From small steps to great leaps, metaphors of spatial mobility abound to describe discovery processes. Here, we ground these ideas in formal terms by systematically studying scientific knowledge mobility patterns. We use low-dimensional…
The measurement and mapping of transportation network vulnerability to natural hazards constitute subjects of global interest, especially due to climate change, and for a sustainable development agenda. During a flood, some elements of a…
As social behavior plays an essential role in people's lives, the features of face-to-face interaction networks must be examined to understand people's social behavior. In this study, we focused on the stable community structure of a…
On-demand mobility services are promising to revolutionise urban travel, but preliminary studies are showing they may actually increase total vehicle miles travelled, worsening road congestion in cities. In this study, we assess the demand…
This paper presents an automated approach for providing ranked lists of outliers in observed demand to support analysts in network revenue management. Such network revenue management, e.g. for railway itineraries, needs accurate demand…
An investigation on the correlation between the strong alcoholic drinking and SARS-Cov-2 uninfection rate is carried out. The investigation is done through a simple survey in China based on the social media software Weixin and the survey…
The vaccination game is a social dilemma that refers to the conundrum individuals face (to get immunized or not) when the population is exposed to an infectious disease. The model has recently gained much traction due to the COVID-19…
The paper analyses how draw constraints influence the outcome of a knockout tournament. The research question is inspired by European club football competitions, where the organiser generally imposes an association constraint in the first…
The paper discusses the strategy-proofness of sports tournaments with multiple group stages, where the results of matches already played in the previous round against teams in the same group are carried over. These tournaments, widely used…
Various studies address the question of what factors are relevant to the course of the fundamental diagram in single-file experiments. Some indicate that there are differences due to group composition when gender is taken into account. For…
This paper introduces new methods for studying the prevalence of terrorism around the world and over time. Our analysis treats spatial prevalence of terrorism, the changing profile of groups carrying out the acts of terrorism, and trends in…
Considering the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), around the world several vaccines are being developed. Till now, these vaccines are the most effective way to reduce the high burden on the global health…
Dynamical processes on complex networks, ranging from biological, technological and social systems, show phase transitions between distinct global states of the system. Often, such transitions rely upon the interplay between the structure…
Ranking the spreading influence of nodes is of great importance in practice and research. The key to ranking a node's spreading ability is to evaluate the fraction of susceptible nodes been infected by the target node during the outbreak,…
A multiplex is a collection of network layers, each representing a specific type of edges. This appears to be a genuine representation for many real-world systems. However, due to a variety of potential factors, such as limited budget and…
We construct a data-driven model of flows in graphs that captures the essential elements of the movement of workers between jobs in the companies (firms) of entire economic systems such as countries. The model is based on the observation…
Maritime accidents and corresponding consequences vary substantially across spatial dimensions as affected by various factors. Understanding the effects of key factors on maritime accident consequence would be of great benefit to prevent…