物理与社会
Complex systems, such as economic, social, biological, and ecological systems, usually feature interactions not only between pairwise entities but also among three or more entities. These multi-entity interactions are known as higher-order…
Social scientists increasingly use the concept of opportunity hoarding to explain the formation of Black-White educational inequalities. However, this concept is often loosely defined, leading to varied interpretations of the…
Centrality metrics play a crucial role in network analysis, while the choice of specific measures significantly influences the accuracy of conclusions as each measure represents a unique concept of node importance. Among over 400 proposed…
Electric power distribution networks serve as the final and essential stage in power delivery, bridging transmission infrastructure and end users. The structural configuration of these networks plays a critical role in determining system…
A previously established frequency distribution model, which integrates a lognormal distribution with a logarithmic equation, effectively characterizes fluctuations in email size during sending requests. In addition, an email size…
Many outputs of cities scale in universal ways, including infrastructure, crime, and economic activity. Through a mathematical model, this study investigates the interplay between such scaling laws in human organization and governmental…
Decision-making societies may vary in their level of cooperation and degree of conservatism, both of which influence their overall performance. Moreover, these factors are not fixed -- they can change based on the decisions agents in the…
The dominance of online social media data as a source of population-scale social network studies has recently been challenged by networks constructed from government-curated register data. In this paper, we investigate how the two compare,…
Sparsification aims at extracting a reduced core of associations that best preserves both the dynamics and topology of networks while reducing the computational cost of simulations. We show that the semi-metric topology of complex networks…
Commodities, including livestock, flow through trade networks globally, with trajectories that can be effectively captured using mobility pattern modelling approaches similar to those used in human mobility studies. However, documenting…
Post-World War II armed conflicts have often been viewed with higher scrutiny in order to avoid a full-scale global war. This scrutiny has led to the establishment of determinants of war such as poverty, inequalities, literacy, and many…
Our knowledge of past cultures relies considerably on written material. For centuries, texts have been copied, altered, then transmitted or lost - eventually, from surviving documents, philologists attempt to reconstruct text phylogenies…
In this paper, the social impact theory introduced by Latan\'e is reconsidered. A fully differentiated society is considered; that is, initially every actor has their own opinion. The equivalent of Muller's ratchet guards that -- even for…
How do networks of relationships evolve over time? We analyse a dataset tracking the social interactions of 900 individuals over four years. Despite continuous shifts in individual relationships, the macroscopic structural properties of the…
Indirect punishment traditionally sustains cooperation in social systems through reputation or norms, often by reducing defectors' payoffs indirectly. In this study, we redefine indirect punishment for structured populations as a spatially…
Collective human movement is a hallmark of complex systems, exhibiting emergent order across diverse settings, from pedestrian flows to biological collectives. In high-speed scenarios, alignment interactions ensure efficient flow and…
Air pollution can be studied in the urban structure regulated by transport networks. Transport networks can be studied as geometric and topological graph characteristics through designed models. Current studies do not offer a comprehensive…
During epidemic outbreaks, information dissemination enhances individual protection, while social institutions influence the transmission through measures like government interventions, media campaigns, and hospital resource allocation.…
People's cooperation in adopting protective measures is effective in epidemic control and creates herd immunity as a public good. Similarly, the presence of an epidemic is a driving factor for the formation and improvement of cooperation.…
Panic-induced herding in individuals often leads to social disasters, resulting in people being trapped and trampled in crowd stampedes triggered by panic. We introduce a novel approach that offers fresh insights into studying the…