物理与社会
Supply networks are essential for modern production, yet their critical properties remain understudied. We present a stochastic model with random production capacities to analyze material flow to a root node, focusing on topology and buffer…
A method of waste incineration using pure oxygen or atmospheric air enriched with oxygen is proposed, demonstrating several advantages over conventional burning in atmospheric air. The higher flame temperature is predicted, even with low…
A network of agents interacting both with competitive and/or cooperative mechanisms is modeled by using fermionic ladder operators. The time evolution of the network is assumed to be governed by a Hermitian time-independent Hamiltonian…
In cultural heritage conservation, it is increasingly common to rely on non-destructive imaging methods based on the absorption or scattering of photons ($X$ or $\gamma$ rays) or neutrons. However, physical and practical issues limit these…
Construction of a nuclear weapon requires access to kilogram-scale quantities of fissile material, which can be bred from fertile material like U-238 and Th-232 via neutron capture. Future fusion power plants, with total neutron source…
After the end of World War II, the commitment to confine scientific activities in universities and research institutions to peaceful and civilian purposes has entered, in the form of {\it Civil Clauses}, the charters of many research…
We improve a flocking model on street networks introduced in a previous paper. We expand the field of vision of walkers, making the model more realistic. Under such conditions, we obtain groups of walkers whose gathering times and…
This study proposes a systematic non-kinetic deterrence path modeling framework based on strategic rare earth supply cut-off, aiming to assess the strategic effects of China's export control policy against the United States at the military…
This study presents a comprehensive framework for evaluating the quality of public spaces across various urban typologies. Through a systematic review of 159 research studies, we identify universal quality factors that transcend spatial…
An operatorial model of a system made by $N$ agents interacting each other with mechanisms that can be thought of as cooperative or competitive is presented. We associate to each agent an annihilation, creation and number fermionic…
Traditional interpretations of probability, whether frequentist or subjective, make no reference to the concept of energy. In this paper, we propose that assigning hypothetical energy levels to the outcomes of a random variable can yield…
Antimicrobial Resistance (RAM) poses a significant threat to global public health, making important medicines less useful. While the medical and biological reasons behind RAM are well studied, we still don't know enough about how false…
The phenomenon of group cooperation constitutes a fundamental mechanism underlying various social and biological systems. Complex networks provide a structural framework for group interactions, where individuals can not only obtain…
Defying the median voter theorem, party polarization has spread globally, especially in the United States. As concerns grow over its risks to democracy, political science has probed its causes, revealing two paradoxes: while polarization…
Ensemble analysis has become central to redistricting litigation, but parameter effects remain understudied. We analyze 315 ReCom ensembles across the three legislative chambers in 7 states, systematically varying the population tolerance,…
The Siege of Syracuse (214 - 212 BC) was a decisive event in the Second Punic War, leading to the city's fall to Rome despite its formidable defenses, including the war machines devised by Archimedes. In this work, we propose a mathematical…
Electrification presents opportunities and challenges for household energy affordability. Without careful coordination, the costs of natural gas systems will be borne by a shrinking customer base, driving up bills for those left behind.…
We propose a simple model to explore an educational phenomenon where the correct answer emerges from group discussion. We construct our model based on several plausible assumptions: (i) We tend to follow peers' opinions. However, if a…
In the last two decades, fluctuation theorems have been proved formally and demonstrated experimentally for several variables (such as entropy production, work, or flux) and different noises causing the fluctuations (of either thermal or…
In this paper, we present a mathematical model to describe the temporal evolution of delinquent behavior, treating it as a socially transmitted phenomenon influenced by peer interactions, thus similar to an epidemic. We consider a…