物理与社会
Emergent design failures are ubiquitous in complex systems, and often arise when system elements cluster. Approaches to systematically reduce clustering could improve a design's resilience, but reducing clustering is difficult if it is…
We study mechanisms of synchronisation, coordination, and equilibrium selection in two-player coordination games on multilayer networks. We apply the approach from evolutionary game theory with three possible update rules: the replicator…
In social dilemmas, individuals face a conflict between their own self-interest and the collective interest of the group. The provision of reward has been shown to be an effective means to drive cooperation in such situations. However,…
The dual-carbon goals of China necessitate precise accounting of company carbon emissions, vital for green development across all industries. Not only the company itself but also financial investors require accurate and comprehensive…
The Lindy effect is a statistical tendency for things with longer pasts behind them to have longer futures ahead. It has been experimentally confirmed to apply to some categories, but not others, raising questions about when it is…
Beijing is a megacity with a population of over 20 million. It has a massive demand for water and electricity and is responsible for achieving carbon neutrality. However, Beijing is in a highly arid region, and its local electricity…
Vehicle velocities in neighbouring road sections are correlated with memory effects. We explore the response of the velocities in the sequence of sections to a congestion in a given section and its dynamic characteristics. To this end, we…
Providing an abstract representation of natural and human complex structures is a challenging problem. Accounting for the system heterogenous components while allowing for analytical tractability is a difficult balance. Here I introduce…
A major source of delays in public transportation is the clustering instability, which causes late buses to become progressively later while the buses trailing it become progressively earlier. In this paper, we study this instability and…
Analysis of traffic pattern recognition and traffic congestion expansion in real time are one of the exciting and challenging tasks which help the government to build a robust and sustainable traffic management system specially in a densely…
In signed networks, some existing community detection methods treat negative connections as intercommunity links and positive ones as intracommunity links. However, it is important to recognize that negative links on real-world networks…
It is known that inhomogeneous second-order macroscopic traffic models can reproduce the phantom traffic jam phenomenon: whenever the sub-characteristic condition is violated, uniform traffic flow is unstable, and small perturbations grow…
"Compactness," or the use of shape as a proxy for fairness, has been a long-running theme in the scrutiny of electoral districts; badly-shaped districts are often flagged as examples of the abuse of power known as gerrymandering. The most…
The Aw-Rascle-Zhang (ARZ) model can be interpreted as a generalization of the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model, possessing a family of fundamental diagram curves, each of which represents a class of drivers with a different empty road…
The behaviour and functioning of a variety of complex physical and biological systems depend on the spatial organisation of their constituent units, and on the presence and formation of clusters of functionally similar or related…
Single-file dynamics has been studied intensively, both experimentally and theoretically. It shows interesting collective effects, such as stop-and-go waves, which are validation cornerstones for any agent-based modeling approach of traffic…
Environments such as shopping malls, airports, or hospital emergency departments often experience crowding, with many people simultaneously requesting service. Crowding is highly noisy, with sudden overcrowding "spikes". Past research has…
When studying social dilemma games, a crucial question arises regarding the impact of general heterogeneity on cooperation, which has been shown to have positive effects in numerous studies. Here, we demonstrate that heterogeneity in the…
The presence of large-scale real-world networks with various architectures has motivated an active research towards a unified understanding of diverse topologies of networks. Such studies have revealed that many networks with the scale-free…
While many centrality measures for complex networks have been proposed, relatively few have been developed specifically for weighted, directed (WD) networks. Here we propose a centrality measure for spread (of information, pathogens, etc.)…