物理与社会
Methodologies to infer financial networks from the price series of speculative assets vary, however, they generally involve bivariate or multivariate predictive modelling to reveal causal and correlational structures within the time series…
This paper addresses a mathematically tractable model of the Prisoner's Dilemma using the framework of active inference. In this work, we design pairs of Bayesian agents that are tracking the joint game state of their and their opponent's…
Biological and social scientists have long been interested in understanding how to reconcile individual and collective interests in iterated Prisoner's Dilemma. Many effective strategies have been proposed, and they are often categorized…
The goal of this note is to assess whether simple machine learning algorithms can be used to determine whether and how a given network has been attacked. The procedure is based on the $k$-Nearest Neighbor and the Random Forest…
Ideas, behaviors, and opinions spread through social networks. If the probability of spreading to a new individual is a non-linear function of the fraction of the individuals' affected neighbors, such a spreading process becomes a "complex…
Fifty years after the first mention of light pollution in Science, the journal recently elevated this topic to the cover of its 16 June 2023 issue, highlighting the large impact on human and ecological health, circadian rhythms, migratory…
Energy is a necessity and the basis of human life. With the increase in the need for energy supply in recent years, the use of fossil fuels has intensified. Environment is a basic principle for human beings. In our dear country Iran, with…
Ten years after the collapse of the Rana Plaza textile factory in Dhaka, Bangladesh that killed over $1\,000$ factory workers, the event has become a symbol for the desolate working conditions in fast fashion producer countries in the…
The nonbacktracking matrix, and the related nonbacktracking centrality (NBC) play a crucial role in models of percolation-type processes on networks, such as non-recurrent epidemics. Here we study the localization of NBC in infinite sparse…
This paper describes Japan's scenario for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 and the policy that should be adopted by the ILC in Japan in line with that policy. This paper only discusses CO2 emissions during operation, not the lifecycle…
Our main goal is to examine the role of communities in epidemic spread in a random graph model. More precisely, we consider a random graph model which consists of overlapping complete graphs, representing households, workplaces, school…
To improve mathematical models of epidemics it is essential to move beyond the traditional assumption of homogeneous well--mixed population and involve more precise information on the network of contacts and transport links by which a…
This paper presents a spatial clustering method to create regions with similar time-varying energy characteristics. This method combines empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) for dimensionality reduction and max-p regionalization for…
Networks of interconnected agents are essential to study complex networked systems' state evolution, stability, resilience, and control. Nevertheless, the high dimensionality and nonlinear dynamics are vital factors preventing us from…
Humanity's progress in combating hunger, poverty, and child mortality is marred by escalating environmental degradation due to rising greenhouse gas emissions and climate change impacts. Despite positive developments, ecosystems are…
The evolution and long-term sustenance of cooperation has consistently piqued scholarly interest across the disciplines of evolutionary biology and social sciences. Previous theoretical and experimental studies on collective risk social…
The severity of war, measured by battle deaths, follows a power-law distribution. Here, we demonstrate that power law also holds in the temporal aspects of interstate conflicts. A critical quantity is the inter-conflict interval (ICI), the…
The sensing and monitoring of the urban road network contribute to the efficient operation of the urban transportation system and the functionality of urban systems. However, traditional sensing methods, such as inductive loop sensors,…
The demand for global university league tables has been high over the past two decades. However, significant criticism of their methodologies is accumulating without being addressed. I revisit global university league tables by normalizing…
In the so-called ``fair'' models of peer-to-peer wealth exchanges, economic inequality tends to reach its maximum value asymptotically. This global trend is evident as the richest continuously accumulate a larger share of wealth at the…