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Grover's quantum search and its generalization, quantum amplitude amplification, provide quadratic advantage over classical algorithms for a diverse set of tasks, but are tricky to use without knowing beforehand what fraction $\lambda$ of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2014-11-26 Theodore J. Yoder , Guang Hao Low , Isaac L. Chuang

Grover search is a renowned quantum search algorithm that leverages quantum superposition to find a marked item with quadratic speedup. However, when implemented on Noisy Intermediate-scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware, the required repeated…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-04-11 Chen-Yu Liu

The optimal runtime of a quantum computer searching a database is typically cited as the square root of the number of items in the database, which is famously achieved by Grover's algorithm. With parallel oracles, however, it is possible to…

In a fundamental paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 325 (1997)] Grover showed how a quantum computer can find a single marked object in a database of size N by using only O(N^{1/2}) queries of the oracle that identifies the object. His result was…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-11-11 Shahar Dolev , Itamar Pitowsky , Boaz Tamir

Grover's quantum search algorithm provides a way to speed up combinatorial search, but is not directly applicable to searching a physical database. Nevertheless, Aaronson and Ambainis showed that a database of N items laid out in d spatial…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Andrew M. Childs , Jeffrey Goldstone

Grover's algorithm solves the unstructured search problem. Grover's algorithm can find the target state with certainty only if searching one out of four. Designing the deterministic search algorithm can avoid any repetition of the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-01-14 Zhen Wang , Kun Zhang , Vladimir Korepin

For the unsorted database quantum search with the unknown fraction $\lambda$ of target items, there are mainly two kinds of methods, i.e., fixed-point or trail-and-error. (i) In terms of the fixed-point method, Yoder et al. [Phys. Rev.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-12-05 Tan Li , Shuo Zhang , Xiang-Qun Fu , Xiang Wang , Yang Wang , Jie Lin , Wan-Su Bao

Imagine a phone directory containing N names arranged in completely random order. In order to find someone's phone number with a 50% probability, any classical algorithm (whether deterministic or probabilistic) will need to look at a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2008-02-03 Lov K. Grover

We present a continuous time quantum search algorithm analogous to Grover's. In particular, the optimal search time for this algorithm is proportional to $\sqrt{N}$, where $N$ is the database size. This search algorithm can be implemented…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-11-11 A. Romanelli , A. Auyuanet , R. Donangelo

The search task is one of the most difficult when it comes to execution speed, and reducing the latter is important both when working with large data and with small samples, if they need to be processed frequently and in a limited time.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-04-24 Karina Zakharova

Quantum search is among the most important algorithms in quantum computing. At its core is quantum amplitude amplification, a technique that achieves a quadratic speedup over classical search by combining two global reflections: the oracle,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-05 John Burke , Ciaran McGoldrick

Consider a database most of whose entries are marked but the precise fraction of marked entries is not known. What is known is that the fraction of marked entries is 1-X, where X is a random variable that is uniformly distributed in the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Lov K. Grover

In former work, we showed that a quantum algorithm requires the number of operations (oracle's queries) of a classical algorithm that knows in advance 50% of the information that specifies the solution of the problem. We gave a preliminary…

量子物理 · 物理学 2010-04-07 Giuseppe Castagnoli

Quantum computers use the quantum interference of different computational paths to enhance correct outcomes and suppress erroneous outcomes of computations. In effect, they follow the same logical paradigm as (multi-particle)…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 R. Cleve , A. Ekert , L. Henderson , C. Macchiavello , M. Mosca

We study some extensions of Grover's quantum searching algorithm. First, we generalize the Grover iteration in the light of a concept called amplitude amplification. Then, we show that the quadratic speedup obtained by the quantum searching…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-01-03 Gilles Brassard , Peter Hoyer , Alain Tapp

Given an item and a list of values of size $N$. It is required to decide if such item exists in the list. Classical computer can search for the item in O(N). The best known quantum algorithm can do the job in $O(\sqrt{N})$. In this paper, a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2008-11-27 Ahmed Younes

Grover's algorithm is one of the pioneering demonstrations of the advantages of quantum computing over its classical counterpart, providing - at most - a quadratic speed-up over the classical solution for unstructured database search. The…

Grover's algorithm provides a quadratic speedup over classical algorithms for searching unstructured databases and is known to be strictly optimal in oracle query complexity, with tight bounds on its success probability. Although the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-03 Yan-Bo Jiang , Xiao-Hui Wang , Kun Zhang , Vladimir Korepin

The standard quantum search lacks a feature, enjoyed by many classical algorithms, of having a fixed point, i.e. monotonic convergence towards the solution. Recently a fixed point quantum search algorithm has been discovered, referred to as…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Tathagat Tulsi , Lov Grover , Apoorva Patel

We introduce a novel deterministic quantum search algorithm that provides a practical alternative to conventional probabilistic search approaches. Our scheme eliminates the inherent uncertainty of quantum search without relying on arbitrary…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-07-22 John Burke , Ciaran McGoldrick