English

Quantum mechanics can find a needle in a haystack every time

Quantum Physics 2025-06-10 v1

Abstract

Grover's algorithm is one of the pioneering demonstrations of the advantages of quantum computing over its classical counterpart, providing - at most - a quadratic speed-up over the classical solution for unstructured database search. The original formulation of Grover's algorithm is non-deterministic, finding the answer with a probability that varies with the size of the search space and the number of marked elements. A recent reformulation introduced a deterministic form of Grover's algorithm that - in principle - finds the answer with certainty. Here we realise the deterministic Grover's algorithm on a programmable photonic integrated circuit, finding that it not only outperforms the original Grover's algorithm as predicted, but is also markedly more robust against technological imperfections. We explore databases of 4 to 10 elements, with every choice of a single marked element, achieving an average success probability of 99.77±0.05%99.77 \pm 0.05\%.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2506.06435,
  title  = {Quantum mechanics can find a needle in a haystack every time},
  author = {Fatemeh Mohit and Joshua Guanzon and Jaden McKinlay and Till J. Weinhold and Casey R. Myers and Marcelo P. Almeida and Markus Rambach and Andrew G. White},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.06435},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

Main paper: 6 pages, 5 figures + Supplementary material: 2 pages, 2 figures

R2 v1 2026-07-01T03:04:15.959Z