相关论文: Energy density and localization of particles
Localization of relativistic particles and their position-momentum uncertainty relations are not yet fully understood. We discuss two schemes of photon localization that are based on the energy density. One scheme produces a positive…
Constructing observables that describe the localization of relativistic particles is an important foundational problem in relativistic quantum field theory (QFT). The description of localization in terms of single-time observables leads to…
Here the probability density of relativistic particles coordinates, satisfying the formal conditions of the quantum mechanics and the special relativity, is determined (under textbooks view, such density does not exist). It is specified for…
Position probability distribution of a set of massive mutually exclusive particles in one dimension has been defined. Examples with a given two mutually exclusive particles system are considered. It is emphasized that quantum particles at…
We propose and investigate a procedure to measure, at least in principle, a positive quantum version of the local kinetic energy density. This procedure is based, under certain idealized limits, on the detection rate of photons emitted by…
Quantum mechanics does not provide any ready recipe for defining energy density in space, since the energy and coordinate do not commute. To find a well-motivated energy density, we start from a possibly fundamental, relativistic…
A basic quantity in the characterization of relativistic particles is the proton-to-electron (p/e) energy density ratio. We derive a simple approximate expression suitable to estimate this quantity, U_p/U_e = (m_p/m_e)^(3-q)/2, valid when a…
There are several definitions of energy density in quantum mechanics. These yield expressions that differ locally, but all satisfy a continuity equation and integrate to the value of the expected energy of the system under consideration.…
Density functional theory is usually formulated in terms of the density in configuration space. Functionals of the momentum-space density have also been studied, and yet other densities could be considered. We offer a unified view from a…
A relation expressing the covariant transformation properties of a relativistic position operator is derived. This relation differs from the one existing in the literature expressing manifest covariance by some factor ordering. The relation…
We put forward an interpretation of scalar quantum field theory as relativistic quantum mechanics by curing well known problems related to locality. A probabilistic interpretation of quantum field theory similar to quantum mechanics is…
The definition of local spatial densities by using sharply localized one-particle states is applied to spin-3/2 systems. Matrix elements of the electromagnetic current and the energy-momentum tensor are considered and integral expressions…
Localization properties of scalar single particle states are analyzed by explicit calculational examples with a focus on the massless case. Problems arising from the non-existence of relativistic particle position operators respecting the…
The conditions for observation of the particle coordinates, required by logic of the Special Relativity and filtering the quantum field effects, are described. A general relation between the corresponding density of probability and the wave…
We investigate the localization properties of the single particle spectrum of a one-dimensional speckle potential in a box. We consider both the repulsive and the attractive cases. The system is controlled by two parameters: the size of the…
An analytical expression for the relativistic corrections to the energy spectra of particles completely confined in an one-dimensional limited length in real space is given, based upon the wave property of particles, the relativistic…
We discuss the concept of energy packets in respect to the energy transported by electromagnetic waves and we demonstrate that this physical quantity can be used in physical problems involving relativistic effects. This refined concept…
Depending on the recent experiments and some new way of explaining electron we have developed here equations for velocities of different mode with the charge density. This includes as well how the charge-density can be distributed in the…
We consider a class of particle systems which appear in various applications such as approximation theory, plasticity, potential theory and space-filling designs. The positions of the particles on the real line are described as a global…
Positivity of the Hamiltonian alone is used to show that particles, if initially localized in a finite region, immediately develop infinite tails.