相关论文: Beyond Complex Numbers

Let $b \geq 3$ be a positive integer. A natural number is said to be a base-$b$ Zuckerman number if it is divisible by the product of its base-$b$ digits. Let $\mathcal{Z}_b(x)$ be the set of base-$b$ Zuckerman numbers that do not exceed…

Given a real number $0.a_1a_2 a_3\dots$ that is normal to base $b$, we examine increasing sequences $n_i$ so that the number $0.a_{n_1}a_{n_2}a_{n_3}\dots$ are normal to base $b$. Classically it is known that if the $n_i$ form an arithmetic…

Given $b=-A\pm i$ with $A$ being a positive integer, we can represent any complex number as a power series in $b$ with coefficients in $\mathcal A=\{0,1,\ldots, A^2\}$. We prove that, for any real $\tau\geq 2$ and any non-empty proper…

In this paper, we construct certain infinite families of imaginary quadratic fields whose class number is divisible by a given positive integer.

Several notions of multiplicativity are introduced for forms of degree $d\geq 3$ over a field of characteristic 0 or greater than d. Examples of multiplicative and strongly multiplicative forms of higher degree are given. Conditions…

This paper presents a new representation of natural numbers and discusses its consequences for computability and computational complexity. The paper argues that the introduction of the first Peano axiom in the traditional definition of…

Understanding the distribution of digits in the expansions of perfect powers in different bases is difficult. Rather than consider the asymptotic digit distributions, we consider the base-10 digits of a restricted sequence of powers of two.…

We give a construction of a real number that is normal to all integer bases and continued fraction normal. The computation of the first n digits of its continued fraction expansion performs in the order of n^4 mathematical operations. The…

This work studies slice functions over finite-dimensional division algebras. Their zero sets are studied in detail along with their multiplicative inverses, for which some unexpected phenomena are discovered. The results are applied to…

V.I. Arnold has recently defined the complexity of finite sequences of zeroes and ones in terms of periods and preperiods of attractors of a dynamic system of the operator of finite differentiation. Arnold has set up a hypothesis that the…

While the general form of even perfect numbers is well-known, the existence or non-existence of odd perfect numbers is still an open problem. We address this problem and prove that if a natural number is odd, then it's not perfect.

How to handle division in systems that compute with logical formulas involving what would otherwise be polynomial constraints over the real numbers is a surprisingly difficult question. This paper argues that existing approaches from both…

There are numerous ways to represent real numbers. We may use, e.g., Cauchy sequences, Dedekind cuts, numerical base-10 expansions, numerical base-2 expansions and continued fractions. If we work with full Turing computability, all these…

In this paper, we further develop the theory of circles of partition by introducing the notion of complex circles of partition. This work generalizes the classical framework, extending from subsets of the natural numbers as base sets to…

The abc conjecture, one of the most famous open problems in number theory, claims that three positive integers satisfying a+b=c cannot simultaneously have significant repetition among their prime factors; in particular, the product of the…

In this paper, we prove the conjecture that if there is an odd perfect number, then there are infinitely many of them.

Sequences diverge either because they head off to infinity or because they oscillate. Part 1 constructs a non-Archimedean framework of infinite numbers that is large enough to contain asymptotic limit points for non-oscillating sequences…

We consider distributions on $\mathbb{R}$ that can be written as the sum of a non-zero discrete distribution and an absolutely continuous distribution. We show that such a distribution is quasi-infinitely divisible if and only if its…

Despite the fact that almost all real numbers are absolutely normal---that is, the digits in their expansions to any base occur in all possible configurations with the expected frequency---not one specific example of an absolutely normal…

Simplification of fractional powers of positive rational numbers and of sums, products and powers of such numbers is taught in beginning algebra. Such numbers can often be expressed in many ways, as this article discusses in some detail.…