相关论文: Order Statistics and Benford's Law

Benford's law states that in data sets from different phenomena leading digits tend to be distributed logarithmically such that the numbers beginning with smaller digits occur more often than those with larger ones. Particularly, the law is…

A random variable X that is base b Benford will not in general be base c Benford when c is not equal to b. This paper builds on two of my earlier papers and is an attempt to cast some light on the issue of base dependence. Following some…

Benford's law is an empirical ``law'' governing the frequency of leading digits in numerical data sets. Surprisingly, for mathematical sequences the predictions derived from it can be uncannily accurate. For example, among the first billion…

A class of probability distributions is characterized via equalities in law between two order statistics shifted by independent exponential variables. An explicit formula for the quintile function of the identified family of distributions…

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive performance on complex reasoning tasks, yet they frequently fail on basic numerical problems, producing incorrect outputs. Inspired by Benford's Law, a statistical pattern in which lower…

Infrared spectra of various polymers were treated statistically. It was established that for the absorbance spectra the Benford distribution of leading digits takes place, whereas the distribution of leading digits for transmittance spectra…

The Prime Numbers are well-known for their paradoxical stand regarding Benford's Law. On one hand they adamantly refuse to obey the law of Benford in the usual sense, namely that of a normal density of the proportion of primes with d as the…

This paper explores various distributional aspects of random variables defined as the ratio of two independent positive random variables where one variable has an $\alpha$-stable law, for $0<\alpha<1$, and the other variable has the law…

This paper studies the distributional asymptotics of the slowly changing sequence of logarithms $(\log_bn)$ with $b\in\mathbb{N}\setminus\{1\}.$ It is known that $(\log_bn)$ is not uniformly distributed modulo one, and its omega limit set…

This paper proposes a novel approach for statistical modelling of a continuous random variable $X$ on $[0, 1)$, based on its digit representation $X=.X_1X_2\ldots$. In general, $X$ can be coupled with a latent random variable $N$ so that…

Suppose that in a multiple choice examination the leading digit of the correct options follows Benford's Law, while the the leading digit of the distractors are uniform. Consider a strategy for guessing at answers that selects the option…

A beautiful theorem of Zeckendorf states that every integer can be written uniquely as the sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers $\{ F_i \}_{i = 1}^{\infty}$. A set $S \subset \mathbb{Z}$ is said to satisfy Benford's law if the density…

Let $f(z)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \lambda_f(n)e^{2\pi i n z}\in S_{k}^{new}(\Gamma_0(N))$ be a normalized Hecke eigenform of even weight $k\geq2$ on $\Gamma_0(N)$ without complex multiplication. Let $\mathbb{P}$ denote the set of all primes. We…

Benford's Law (BL) or the Significant Digit Law defines the probability distribution of the first digit of numerical values in a data sample. This Law is observed in many naturally occurring datasets. It can be seen as a measure of…

Benford's law is a statistical inference to predict the frequency of significant digits in naturally occurring numerical databases. In such databases this law predicts a higher occurrence of the digit 1 in the most significant place and…

Researchers have observed that the frequencies of leading digits in many man-made and naturally occurring datasets follow a logarithmic curve, with digits that start with the number 1 accounting for $\sim 30\%$ of all numbers in the dataset…

Benford's law is frequently used to evaluate the likihood that data is misrepresentative. Typically statistical tests measure the likihood. Another method of employing Benford's law is to compare the frequency of leading digits to the…

Benford's Law states that the frequency of first digits of numbers in naturally occurring systems is not evenly distributed. Numbers beginning with a 1 occur roughly 30\% of the time, and are six times more common than numbers beginning…

This article provides a brief overview on a range of basic dynamical systems that conform to the logarithmic distribution of significant digits known as Benford's law. As presented here, most theorems are special cases of known, more…

It has long been known that sequences such as the powers of $2$ and the factorials satisfy Benford's Law; that is, leading digits in these sequences occur with frequencies given by $P(d)=\log_{10}(1+1/d)$, $d=1,2,\dots,9$. In this paper, we…