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A simpler proof of the four color theorem is presented. The proof was reached using a series of equivalent theorems. First the maximum number of edges of a planar graph is obatined as well as the minimum number of edges for a complete…

综合数学 · 数学 2007-05-23 Fayez A. Alhargan

Schur's Theorem states that, for any $r \in \mathbb{Z}^+$, there exists a minimum integer $S(r)$ such that every $r$-coloring of $\{1,2,\dots,S(r)\}$ admits a monochromatic solution to $x+y=z$. Recently, Budden determined the related…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-03-03 Yaping Mao , Aaron Robertson , Jian Wang , Chenxu Yang , Gang Yang

In this article, we introduce the DP color function of a hypergraph, based on the DP coloring introduced by Bernshteyn and Kostochka, which is the minimum value where the minimum is taken over all its k-fold covers. It is an extension of…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-03-20 Ruiyi Cui , Liangxia Wan , Fengming Dong

A single color image can contain many cues informative towards different aspects of local geometric structure. We approach the problem of monocular depth estimation by using a neural network to produce a mid-level representation that…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2016-09-08 Ayan Chakrabarti , Jingyu Shao , Gregory Shakhnarovich

We present a top-down lower-bound method for depth-$4$ boolean circuits. In particular, we give a new proof of the well-known result that the parity function requires depth-$4$ circuits of size exponential in $n^{1/3}$. Our proof is an…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2024-05-03 Mika Göös , Artur Riazanov , Anastasia Sofronova , Dmitry Sokolov

Recently S. Goswami proved that whenever the set $\mathbb N$ of natural numbers is finitely colored, the set $\{a, b, ab, b(a+1)\}$ is monochromatic which also established a variant of the long-standing Hindman's conjecture, which asks for…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-04-23 Md Moid Shaikh , Sourav Kanti Patra , Mukesh Kumar

We consider the problem of coloring the squares of graphs of bounded maximum average degree, that is, the problem of coloring the vertices while ensuring that two vertices that are adjacent or have a common neighbour receive different…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2013-08-21 Marthe Bonamy , Benjamin Lévêque , Alexandre Pinlou

We classify the Lie point symmetries for the 2+1 nonlinear generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation by determine all the possible f(u) functional forms where the latter depends. For each case the one-dimensional optimal system is…

数学物理 · 物理学 2020-04-22 Andronikos Paliathanasis

We prove that graphs excluding a fixed immersion have bounded nonrepetitive chromatic number. More generally, we prove that if $H$ is a fixed planar graph that has a planar embedding with all the vertices with degree at least 4 on a single…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-07-15 Paul Wollan , David R. Wood

We classify the trees on $n$ vertices with the maximum and the minimum number of certain generalized colorings, including conflict-free, odd, non-monochromatic, star, and star rainbow vertex colorings. We also extend a result of Cutler and…

组合数学 · 数学 2018-12-19 John Engbers , Christopher Stocker

It is well known that any set of n intervals in $\mathbb{R}^1$ admits a non-monochromatic coloring with two colors and a conflict-free coloring with three colors. We investigate generalizations of this result to colorings of objects in more…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2018-05-08 Boris Aronov , Mark de Berg , Aleksandar Markovic , Gerhard Woeginger

In the present paper, we have found new upper bounds for chromatic numbers for integer lattices and some rational spaces and other lattices. In particular, we have proved that for any concrete critical distance $d$ the chromatic number of…

组合数学 · 数学 2012-10-02 Vassily Olegovich Manturov

We consider the distributed complexity of the (degree+1)-list coloring problem, in which each node $u$ of degree $d(u)$ is assigned a palette of $d(u)+1$ colors, and the goal is to find a proper coloring using these color palettes. The…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Sam Coy , Artur Czumaj , Peter Davies , Gopinath Mishra

The multi-fold chromatic number of the plane $\chi_m$ is the smallest number of colors $k$, sufficient to color each point of the Euclidean plane in exactly $m$ colors, so that for any pair of points at a unit distance from each other, two…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-06-28 Jaan Parts

Chromatic quantum contextuality is a criterion of quantum nonclassicality based on (hyper)graph coloring constraints. If a quantum hypergraph requires more colors than the number of outcomes per maximal observable (context), it lacks a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-04-09 Karl Svozil

We consider the problem of coloring a 3-colorable graph in polynomial time using as few colors as possible. This is one of the most challenging problems in graph algorithms. In this paper using Blum's notion of ``progress'', we develop a…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2024-06-04 Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi , Mikkel Thorup , Hirotaka Yoneda

The clustering of a graph coloring is the maximum size of monochromatic components. This paper studies colorings with bounded clustering in graph classes with bounded layered treewidth, which include planar graphs, graphs of bounded Euler…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-11-05 Chun-Hung Liu , David R. Wood

Building on and extending tools from variational analysis, we prove Kuratowski convergence of sets of simplicial area minimizers to minimizers of the smooth Douglas-Plateau problem under simplicial refinement. This convergence is with…

数值分析 · 数学 2017-02-20 Henrik Schumacher , Max Wardetzky

Liu, Pach and S\'andor recently characterized all polynomials $p(z)$ such that the equation $x+y=p(z)$ is $2$-Ramsey, that is, any $2$-coloring of $\mathbb{N}$ contains infinitely many monochromatic solutions for $x+y=p(z)$. In this paper,…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-04-02 Jaehoon Kim , Hong Liu , Péter Pál Pach

The Total coloring conjecture states that any simple graph G with maximum degree D can be totally colored with at most D+2 colors. In this paper, we have obtained the total chromatic number for some classes of Cayley graphs.

组合数学 · 数学 2023-09-19 Prajnanaswaroopa S , Geetha J , Somasundaram K