相关论文: The electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor

We clarify the relation among canonical, metric and Belinfante's energy-momentum tensors for general tensor field theories. For any tensor field T, we define a new tensor field $\til {\bm T}$, in terms of which the Belinfante tensor is…

In this work, we investigate the structure and properties of the canonical energy momentum tensor (EMT) across a range of field theories. We begin by developing a unified and systematic method that naturally yields the canonical EMT for…

Noether's first and second theorems both imply conserved currents that can be identified as an energy-momentum tensor (EMT). The first theorem identifies the EMT as the conserved current associated with global spacetime translations, while…

On the basis of a non-local Lagrangian for Maxwell equations in a dispersive medium, the energy-momentum tensor of the field is derived. We obtain the Field equations through variational methods and an extension of Noether theorem for a…

In this tutorial, we provide the natural derivation of symmetrical, gauge-invariant canonical energy-momentum tensor for the abelian gauge field, i.e., the electromagnetic field.

We discuss the relation between canonical and metric energy-momentum tensors for field theories with actions that can depend on the higher derivatives of tensor fields in a flat spacetime. In order to obtain it we use a modification of the…

We revisit the old problem of the energy-momentum tensor in general relativistic field theories. On the basis of the general covariance we derive a simple equation for the Hilbert and Noether energy-momentum tensors for the scalar and…

We give an introduction to, and review of, the energy-momentum tensors in classical gauge field theories in Minkowski space, and to some extent also in curved space-time. For the canonical energy-momentum tensor of non-Abelian gauge fields…

Through symmetry of the action under global spacetime translations, Noether's first theorem infamously entails an energy-momentum tensor (EMT) that is neither symmetric nor gauge-invariant. In a prior work [Phys. Rev. D 106, 125012 (2022)],…

In a non-commutative field theory, the energy-momentum tensor obtained from the Noether method needs not be symmetric; in a massless theory, it needs not be traceless either. In a non-commutative scalar field theory, the method yields a…

The energy-momentum tensor of a ferromagnet derived according to the standard prescription of Noether's theorem has a major flaw: the term originating from the spin Berry phase is gauge-dependent. As a consequence, some physical quantities…

Local symmetry transformations play an important role for establishing the existence and form of a conserved (Noether) current in systems with a global continuous symmetry. We explain how this fact leads to the existence of linear relations…

We reexamine the energy-momentum tensor in classical electrodynamics from the perspective of spacetime-dependent translations, i.e., diffeomorphism invariance in flat spacetime. When energy-momentum is identified through local translations…

The canonical energy-momentum tensor is often considered as a purely academic object because of its gauge dependence. However, it has recently been realized that canonical quantities can in fact be defined in a gauge-invariant way provided…

Noether's theorems are widely praised as some of the most beautiful and useful results in physics. However, if one reads the majority of standard texts and literature on the application of Noether's first theorem to field theory, one…

The problem of the electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor is among the oldest and the most controversial in macroscopic electrodynamics. In the center of the issue is a dispute about the Minkowski and the Abraham tensors for moving media.…

Let X be a smooth manifold of dimension 1+n endowed with a lorentzian metric g, and let T be the electromagnetic energy tensor associated to a 2-form F. In this paper we characterize this tensor T as the only 2-covariant natural tensor…

The symmetric and gauge-invariant energy-momentum tensors for source-free Maxwell and Yang-Mills theories are obtained by means of translations in spacetime via a systematic implementation of Noether's theorem. For the source-free neutral…

Multiple methods for deriving the energy-momentum tensor for a physical theory exist in the literature. The most common methods are to use Noether's first theorem with the 4-parameter Poincar\'{e} translation, or to write the action in a…

We present a new type of energy-momentum tensor and angular momentum tensor. They are motivated by a special consideration in quantum measurement: Given a wave in mutual eigen-state of more than one physical observables, the corresponding…