相关论文: The electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor
We show the point-wise definiteness and some other properties of the energy-momentum tensor for a certain class of Euler-Lagrange equations under quite general conditions.
A Noether-enhanced Legendre transformation from Lagrange densities to energy-momentum tensors is developed into an alternative framework for formulating classical field equations. This approach offers direct access to the Hamiltonian while…
We propose a gravitational energy-momentum tensor of the general relativity obtained using Noethers theorem. It transforms as a tensor under general coordinate transformations. One of the two indices of the gravitational energy-momentum…
We discuss general properties of the conservation law associated with a local symmetry. Using Noether's theorem and a generalized Belinfante symmetrization procedure in 3+1 dimensions, a symmetric energy-momentum (pseudo) tensor for the…
We discuss the electromagnetic energy-momentum distribution and the mechanical forces of the electromagnetic field in material media. There is a long-standing controversy on these notions. The Minkowski and the Abraham energy-momentum…
Three objections to the canonical analytical treatment of covariant electromagnetic theory are presented: (i) only half of Maxwell's equations are present upon variation of the fundamental Lagrangian; (ii) the trace of the canonical…
We derive a generic identity which holds for the metric (i.e. variational) energy-momentum tensor under any field transformation in any generally covariant classical Lagrangian field theory. The identity determines the conditions under…
In this paper, we consider a theory defined by an energy-momentum tensor depending on a set of general fields, including the space-time metric. We prove that if the theory is causal, bounded and transforms appropriately under…
The zero trace of the known energy-momentum tensors (EMT) of the electromagnetic field (EMF) leads to contradictions in the virial theorem for a system of charged particles and incorrect conclusions on the equilibrium state of the plasma.…
We review the energy concept in the case of a continuum or a system of fields. First, we analyze the emergence of a true local conservation equation for the energy of a continuous medium, taking the example of an isentropic continuum in…
The total momentum of a thermodynamically closed system is unique, as is the total energy. Nevertheless, there is continuing confusion concerning the correct form of the momentum and the energy-momentum tensor for an electromagnetic field…
It has been assumed for a century that the energy-momentum tensor of the photon takes a symmetric form, with the renowned Poynting vector assigned as the same density for momentum and energy flow. Here we show that the symmetry of the…
From a Lagrangian density for the Bogoliubov de Gennes equations in anisotropic superconductors, we find the momentum-energy tensor associated to the quasiparticles of the system. For this, we make infinitesimal translations on both space…
The canonical quantization of macroscopic electromagnetism was recently presented in New J. Phys. 12 (2010) 123008. This theory is here used to derive the Casimir effect, by considering the special case of thermal and zero-point fields. The…
Linear and angular momenta of a soliton in a ferromagnet are commonly derived through the application of Noether's theorem. We show that these quantities exhibit unphysical behavior: they depend on the choice of a gauge potential in the…
The Abraham--Minkowski momentum controversy is the outwardly visible symptom of an inconsistency in the use of the energy-momentum tensor in the case of a plane quasimonochromatic field in a simple linear dielectric. We show that the Gordon…
The Hilbert energy-momentum tensor for gauge-fixed non-Abelian gauge theories, defined by the variational derivative of the action with respect to the space-time metric, is a tensor under general coordinate transformations, symmetric in its…
In the literature one often finds the claim that there is no such thing as an energy-momentum tensor for the gravitational field, and consequently, that the total energy-momentum conservation can only be defined in terms of a gravitational…
The search for Noether point symmetries for non-relativistic charged particle motion is reduced to the solution for a set of two coupled, linear partial differential equations for the electromagnetic field. These equations are completely…
The parallel theory of relativity predicts conserved energy-momentum currents for an arbitrary metric, without invoking Killing symmetries. By treating the reference frame as an independent variational field and requiring it to carry no…