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Following Apery's proof of the irrationality of zeta(3), Beukers found an elegant reinterpretation of Apery's arguments using modular forms. We show how Beukers arguments can be adapted to a p-adic setting. In this context, certain…

数论 · 数学 2007-05-23 Frank Calegari

In this note, I develop step-by-step proofs of irrationality for $\,\zeta{(2)}\,$ and $\,\zeta{(3)}$. Though the proofs follow closely those based upon unit-square integrals proposed originally by Beukers, I introduce some modifications…

数论 · 数学 2026-04-10 F. M. S. Lima

In this paper, we will apply the ideas from the mirror symmetry of Calabi-Yau threefolds to study the modular forms and one-parameter family of K3 surfaces found by Beukers and Peters, which provide enlightenment to the two mysterious…

数论 · 数学 2021-01-26 Wenzhe Yang

There are only aleph-zero rational numbers, while there are 2 to the power aleph-zero real numbers. Hence the probability that a randomly chosen real number would be rational is 0. Yet proving rigorously that any specific, natural, real…

New (infinitely many) rational approximants to \zeta(3) proving its irrationality are given. The recurrence relations for the numerator and denominator of these approximants as well as their continued fraction expansions are obtained. A…

经典分析与常微分方程 · 数学 2012-05-01 J. Arvesú , A. Soria-Lorente

In 1978, Apery has given sequences of rational approximations to $\zeta(2)$ and $\zeta(3)$ yielding the irrationality of each of these numbers. One of the key ingredient of Apery's proof are second-order difference equations with polynomial…

数论 · 数学 2007-05-23 Wadim Zudilin

We formalize a proof of the irrationality of $\zeta(3)$ in Lean 4, using Beukers' method. To support this, we extend the Lean mathematical library (Mathlib) by formalizing shifted Legendre polynomials and important results in analytic…

数论 · 数学 2025-08-11 Junqi Liu , Jujian Zhang , Lihong Zhi

An important component of Ap\'ery's proof that $\zeta (3)$ is irrational involves representing $\zeta (3)$ as the limit of the quotient of two rational solutions to a three-term recurrence. We present various approaches to such Ap\'ery…

数论 · 数学 2020-11-09 Marc Chamberland , Armin Straub

We present a hypergeometric construction of rational approximations to $\zeta(2)$ and $\zeta(3)$ which allows one to demonstrate simultaneously the irrationality of each of the zeta values, as well as to estimate from below certain linear…

数论 · 数学 2014-08-15 Simon Dauguet , Wadim Zudilin

It is known that the numbers which occur in Apery's proof of the irrationality of zeta(2) have many interesting congruence properties while the associated generating function satisfies a second order differential equation. We prove…

数论 · 数学 2021-02-03 Robert Osburn , Brundaban Sahu

It is well-known that the Ap\'ery sequences which arise in the irrationality proofs for $\zeta(2)$ and $\zeta(3)$ satisfy many intriguing arithmetic properties and are related to the $p$th Fourier coefficients of modular forms. In this…

数论 · 数学 2020-02-19 Dermot McCarthy , Robert Osburn , Armin Straub

Every irreducible component of the variety of semi-simple n-dimensional representations of the modular group has a Zariski dense subset contained in the image of an etale map from a rational quotient variety of representations of a fixed…

环与代数 · 数学 2010-03-09 Lieven Le Bruyn

Using the framework relating hypergeometric motives to modular forms, we define an explicit family of weight 2 Hecke eigenforms with complex multiplication. We use the theory of ${}_2F_1(1)$ hypergeometric series and Ramanujan's theory of…

数论 · 数学 2025-02-14 Esme Rosen

In the course of the proof of the irrationality of zeta(2) R. Apery introduced numbers b_n = \sum_{k=0}^n {n \choose k}^2{n+k \choose k}. Stienstra and Beukers showed that for the prime p > 3 Apery numbers satisfy congruence b((p-1)/2) =…

数论 · 数学 2019-01-11 Matija Kazalicki

We study a family of mixed Tate motives over $\mathbb{Z}$ whose periods are linear forms in the zeta values $\zeta(n)$. They naturally include the Beukers-Rhin-Viola integrals for $\zeta(2)$ and the Ball-Rivoal linear forms in odd zeta…

代数几何 · 数学 2019-02-20 Clément Dupont

We define an extension of the affine Brauer algebra, the type B/C affine Brauer algebra. This new algebra contains the hyperoctahedral group and it naturally acts on $END_K(X \otimes V^{\otimes k})$ for Orthogonal and Symplectic groups.…

表示论 · 数学 2020-02-17 Kieran Calvert

Defining a Beukers [1] like integral for $\zeta(5)$ as \begin{equation*} I_n:=\int_{(0,1)^5}\frac{(1-x_3)^n(1-x_4)^n P_n(x_1)P_n(x_2)}{1-(1-x_1x_2x_3x_4)x_5} \ dx_1dx_2dx_3dx_4dx_5 \end{equation*} we prove that for each $n\in\mathbb{N}$…

综合数学 · 数学 2024-06-28 Shekhar Suman

We study a family of affine varieties arising from a version of an old problem due to Birkhoff asking for the classification of embeddings of finite abelian p-groups. We show that all of these varieties are irreducible and have a dense…

表示论 · 数学 2018-10-31 Grzegorz Bobinski

We show how one can use Hermite-Pad\'{e} approximation and little $q$-Jacobi polynomials to construct rational approximants for $\zeta_q(2)$. These numbers are $q$-analogues of the well known $\zeta(2)$. Here $q=\frac{1}{p}$, with $p$ an…

经典分析与常微分方程 · 数学 2015-05-13 Christophe Smet , Walter Van Assche

Let $k\geq 1$ be a small fixed integer. The rational approximations $\left |p/q-\pi^{k} \right |>1/q^{\mu(\pi^k)}$ of the irrational number $\pi^{k}$ are bounded away from zero. A general result for the irrationality exponent $\mu(\pi^k)$…

综合数学 · 数学 2021-10-26 N. A. Carella
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