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We demonstrate how to simulate both discrete and continuous stochastic evolution of a quantum many body system subject to measurements using matrix product states. A particular, but generally applicable, measurement model is analyzed and a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2010-02-01 Søren Gammelmark , Klaus Mølmer

Just as matrix product states represent ground states of one-dimensional quantum spin systems faithfully, continuous matrix product states (cMPS) provide faithful representations of the vacuum of interacting field theories in one spatial…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-01-20 Benoît Tuybens , Jacopo De Nardis , Jutho Haegeman , Frank Verstraete

Classical simulation of a programmable quantum processor is crucial in identifying the threshold of a quantum advantage. We demonstrate the simple update of projected entangled-pair states (PEPSs) in the Vidal gauge that represent random…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-19 Sung-Bin B. Lee , Hee Ryang Choi , Daniel Donghyon Ohm , Seung-Sup B. Lee

Quantum tomography is crucial for characterizing the quantum states of multipartite systems, but its practicality is often limited by the exponentially large dimension of the Hilbert space. Most existing approaches, such as compressed…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-03-04 Yat Wong , Ming Yuan , Kevin He , Srivatsan Chakram , Alireza Seif , David I. Schuster , Liang Jiang

The canonical form of Matrix Product States (MPS) and the associated fundamental theorem, which relates different MPS representations of a state, are the theoretical framework underlying many of the analytical results derived through MPS,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-04-17 Gemma De las Cuevas , J. Ignacio Cirac , Norbert Schuch , David Perez-Garcia

I introduce a modification of continuous matrix product states (CMPS) that makes them adapted to relativistic quantum field theories (QFT). These relativistic CMPS can be used to solve genuine 1+1 dimensional QFT without UV cutoff and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-11-24 Antoine Tilloy

A key feature of ground states of gapped local 1D Hamiltonians is their relatively low entanglement --- they are well approximated by matrix product states (MPS) with bond dimension scaling polynomially in the length $N$ of the chain, while…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-09-25 Alexander M. Dalzell , Fernando G. S. L. Brandao

Characterizing increasingly complex quantum systems is a central task in quantum information science, yet experimental costs often scale prohibitively with system size. Certifying key properties using simple local measurements is highly…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-21 Zhenyu Du , Jinchang Liu , Elias X. Huber , Zi-Wen Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

Matrix Product Operators (MPOs) are at the heart of the second-generation Density Matrix Renormalisation Group (DMRG) algorithm formulated in Matrix Product State language. We first summarise the widely known facts on MPO arithmetic and…

强关联电子 · 物理学 2017-01-20 C. Hubig , I. P. McCulloch , U. Schollwöck

A key challenge for quantum computers is the efficient preparation of many-body entangled states across many qubits. In this work, we demonstrate the preparation of matrix product states (MPS) using a renormalization-group(RG)-based quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-29 Moritz Scheer , Alberto Baiardi , Elisa Bäumer Marty , Zhi-Yuan Wei , Daniel Malz

While quantum speed-up in solving certain decision problems by a fault-tolerant universal quantum computer has been promised, a timely research interest includes how far one can reduce the resource requirement to demonstrate a provable…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-01-01 Jacob Miller , Stephen Sanders , Akimasa Miyake

We introduce a functional matrix product state (FMPS) based method for simulating the real-space representation of continuous-variable (CV) quantum computation. This approach efficiently simulates non-Gaussian CV systems by leveraging their…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-26 Andreas Bock Michelsen , Frederik K. Marqversen , Michael Kastoryano

Matrix Product State (MPS) wavefunctions have many applications in quantum information and condensed matter physics. One application is to represent states in the thermodynamic limit directly, using a small set of position independent…

统计力学 · 物理学 2010-08-30 L. Michel , I. P. McCulloch

Recent work by Wu {\em et al.} [arXiv:1910.11011] proposed a numerical method, so-called matrix product operator-matrix product state (MPO-MPS) method, by which several types of quantum many-body wave functions, in particular, the projected…

强关联电子 · 物理学 2020-04-29 Hui-Ke Jin , Hong-Hao Tu , Yi Zhou

The density-matrix renormalization group method (DMRG) has established itself over the last decade as the leading method for the simulation of the statics and dynamics of one-dimensional strongly correlated quantum lattice systems. In the…

强关联电子 · 物理学 2011-01-04 Ulrich Schollwoeck

We derive an exact formula for a matrix product state (MPS) representation (or a PEPS in higher number of dimensions) of the ground state of translationally invariant bosonic lattice systems in terms of a single one-dimensional Euclidean…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2019-02-20 Romuald A. Janik

We describe and analyze algorithms for classically simulating measurement of an $n$-qubit quantum state $\psi$ in the standard basis, that is, sampling a bit string $x$ from the probability distribution $|\langle x|\psi\rangle|^2$. Our…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-06-15 Sergey Bravyi , David Gosset , Yinchen Liu

Monitored random circuits, consisting of alternating layers of entangling two-qubit gates and projective single-qubit measurements applied to some fraction $p$ of the qubits, have been a topic of recent interest. In particular, the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-06-02 Yariv Yanay , Brian Swingle , Charles Tahan

Matrix Product States can be defined as the family of quantum states that can be sequentially generated in a one-dimensional system. We introduce a new family of states which extends this definition to two dimensions. Like in Matrix Product…

We introduce Gaussian Matrix Product States (GMPS), a generalization of Matrix Product States (MPS) to lattices of harmonic oscillators. Our definition resembles the interpretation of MPS in terms of projected maximally entangled pairs,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2012-01-20 Norbert Schuch , Michael M. Wolf , J. Ignacio Cirac