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Magic (non-stabilizerness) is a necessary but "expensive" kind of "fuel" to drive universal fault-tolerant quantum computation. To properly study and characterize the origin of quantum "complexity" in computation as well as physics, it is…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-05-16 Zi-Wen Liu , Andreas Winter

Magic is the resource that quantifies the amount of beyond-Clifford operations necessary for universal quantum computing. It bounds the cost of classically simulating quantum systems via stabilizer circuits central to quantum error…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-03-20 Xhek Turkeshi , Emanuele Tirrito , Piotr Sierant

We introduce a mixed-state magic criterion, the Triangle Criterion, which plays a role for magic analogous to the Positive Partial Transposition (PPT) Criterion for entanglement: it combines strong detection capability, a clear geometric…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-21 Zhenhuan Liu , Tobias Haug , Qi Ye , Zi-Wen Liu , Ingo Roth

Non-stabilizerness or magic resource characterizes the amount of non-Clifford operations needed to prepare quantum states. It is a crucial resource for quantum computing and a necessary condition for quantum advantage. However, quantifying…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-01-31 Tobias Haug , M. S. Kim

Magic states enable universal, fault-tolerant quantum computation within the stabilizer framework. Their non-stabilizerness supplies the resource needed to bypass the Eastin-Knill theorem while allowing fault-tolerant distillation. Although…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-02-27 Muhammad Erew , Moshe Goldstein

We introduce Magic Secret Sharing (MSS), a quantum cryptographic primitive in which the secret is the computational capability of a quantum state rather than its classical description. In the resource theory of magic, non-stabilizer states…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-19 Soumyojyoti Dutta , Tushar

Magic is a non-classical resource whose efficient manipulation is fundamental to advancing efficient and scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing. Quantum advantage is possible only if both magic and entanglement are present. Of particular…

Non-local magic and anti-flatness provide a measure of the quantum complexity in the wavefunction of a physical system. Supported by entanglement, they cannot be removed by local unitary operations, thus providing basis-independent…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-28 C. E. P. Robin , M. J. Savage

We propose an information-theoretic quantifier for the advantage gained from cooperation that captures the degree of dependency between subsystems of a global system. The quantifier is distinct from measures of multipartite correlations…

Magic state distillation is an important primitive in fault-tolerant quantum computation. The magic states are pure non-stabilizer states which can be distilled from certain mixed non-stabilizer states via Clifford group operations alone.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2013-05-29 Earl T. Campbell , Dan E. Browne

We introduce a novel measure for the quantum property of nonstabilizerness - commonly known as "magic" - by considering the R\'enyi entropy of the probability distribution associated to a pure quantum state given by the square of the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-03-15 Lorenzo Leone , Salvatore F. E. Oliviero , Alioscia Hamma

In the realm of fault-tolerant quantum computing, stabilizer operations play a pivotal role, characterized by their remarkable efficiency in classical simulation. This efficiency sets them apart from non-stabilizer operations within the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-07-30 Chengkai Zhu , Zhiping Liu , Chenghong Zhu , Xin Wang

We introduce the concept of mutual independence -- correlations shared between distant parties which are independent of the environment. This notion is more general than the standard idea of a secret key -- it is a fully quantum and more…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-11-05 Michal Horodecki , Jonathan Oppenheim , Andreas Winter

Magic, or nonstabilizerness, characterizes the deviation of a quantum state from the set of stabilizer states and plays a fundamental role from quantum state complexity to universal fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, analytical or…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-05-22 Junjie Chen , Yuxuan Yan , You Zhou

The classical simulation of highly-entangling quantum dynamics is conjectured to be generically hard. Thus, recently discovered measurement-induced transitions between highly entangling and low-entanglement dynamics are phase transitions in…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-08-16 Mircea Bejan , Campbell McLauchlan , Benjamin Béri

Local Markovian noise cannot bring entanglement back, but it can bring magic back. Unlike separability, stabilizer membership is not preserved by local channels, allowing dissipation to push states out of the stabilizer polytope as well as…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-22 Chenfeng Cao

A central problem in quantum information is to determine the minimal physical resources that are required for quantum computational speedup and, in particular, for fault-tolerant quantum computation. We establish a remarkable connection…

量子物理 · 物理学 2012-11-30 Victor Veitch , Christopher Ferrie , David Gross , Joseph Emerson

Motivated by their necessity for most fault-tolerant quantum computation schemes, we formulate a resource theory for magic states. We first show that robustness of magic is a well-behaved magic monotone that operationally quantifies the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-03-16 Mark Howard , Earl T. Campbell

Although the similarity between non-stabilizer states -- also known as magic states -- in discrete-variable systems and non-Gaussian states in continuous-variable systems has widely been recognized, the precise connections between these two…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-03-06 Oliver Hahn , Giulia Ferrini , Ryuji Takagi

The development of a framework for quantifying "non-stabiliserness" of quantum operations is motivated by the magic state model of fault-tolerant quantum computation, and by the need to estimate classical simulation cost for noisy…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-08-05 James R. Seddon , Earl T. Campbell