相关论文: Estimating sample size in dental research

Pilot studies are often the first step of experimental research. It is usually on a smaller scale and the results can inform intervention development, study feasibility and how the study implementation will play out, if such a larger main…

Power and sample size analysis comprises a critical component of clinical trial study design. There is an extensive collection of methods addressing this problem from diverse perspectives. The Bayesian paradigm, in particular, has attracted…

Simulation offers a simple and flexible way to estimate the power of a clinical trial when analytic formulae are not available. The computational burden of using simulation has, however, restricted its application to only the simplest of…

Statistical samples, in order to be representative, have to be drawn from a population in a random and unbiased way. Nevertheless, it is common practice in the field of model-based diagnosis to make estimations from (biased) best-first…

The choice of sample size in the context of co-primary endpoints for a randomised trial is discussed. Current guidance can leave endpoints with unequal marginal power. A method is provided to achieve equal marginal power by using the…

A noniterative sample size procedure is proposed for a general hypothesis test based on the t distribution by modifying and extending Guenther's (1981) approach for the one sample and two sample t tests. The generalized procedure is…

Sample size calculation is an essential step in most data-based disciplines. Large enough samples ensure representativeness of the population and determine the precision of estimates. This is true for most quantitative studies, including…

Determining an appropriate sample size is a critical element of study design, and the method used to determine it should be consistent with the planned analysis. When the planned analysis involves Bayes factor hypothesis testing, the sample…

The development of a new diagnostic test ideally follows a sequence of stages which, amongst other aims, evaluate technical performance. This includes an analytical validity study, a diagnostic accuracy study and an interventional clinical…

Contemporary statistical publications rely on simulation to evaluate performance of new methods and compare them with established methods. In the context of meta-analysis of log-odds-ratios, we investigate how the ways in which simulations…

Knowing exactly how many data points need to be labeled to achieve a certain model performance is a hugely beneficial step towards reducing the overall budgets for annotation. It pertains to both active learning and traditional data…

Sequential Multiple-Assignment Randomized Trials (SMARTs) play an increasingly important role in psychological and behavioral health research. This experimental approach enables researchers to answer scientific questions about how to…

Statistical techniques are used in all branches of science to determine the feasibility of quantitative hypotheses. One of the most basic applications of statistical techniques in comparative analysis is the test of equality of two…

Bibliometricians face several issues when drawing and analyzing samples of citation records for their research. Drawing samples that are too small may make it difficult or impossible for studies to achieve their goals, while drawing samples…

Adapting the final sample size of a trial to the evidence accruing during the trial is a natural way to address planning uncertainty. Designs with adaptive sample size need to account for their optional stopping to guarantee strict type-I…

Pilot studies are highly recommended in experiments with animals when little is known about the anticipated values of the mean of the variable under study, its variance or the probability of response. They are also recommended to test the…

As large and powerful neural language models are developed, researchers have been increasingly interested in developing diagnostic tools to probe them. There are many papers with conclusions of the form "observation X is found in model Y",…

The era of big data is coming, and evidence-based medicine is attracting increasing attention to improve decision making in medical practice via integrating evidence from well designed and conducted clinical research. Meta-analysis is a…

Factorial designs are frequently used in different fields of science, e.g. psychological, medical or biometric studies. Standard approaches, as the ANOVA $F$-test, make different assumptions on the distribution of the error terms, the…

The quality of the inferences we make from pathogen sequence data is determined by the number and composition of pathogen sequences that make up the sample used to drive that inference. However, there remains limited guidance on how to best…