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Recently, so-called treebased phylogenetic networks have gained considerable interest in the literature, where a treebased network is a network that can be constructed from a phylogenetic tree, called the base tree, by adding additional…

We consider infinite weighted graphs $G$, i.e., sets of vertices $V$, and edges $E$ assumed countable infinite. An assignment of weights is a positive symmetric function $c$ on $E$ (the edge-set), conductance. From this, one naturally…

Heteroclinic connections are trajectories that link invariant sets for an autonomous dynamical flow: these connections can robustly form networks between equilibria, for systems with flow-invariant spaces. In this paper we examine the…

A new family of graphs, {\it entangled networks}, with optimal properties in many respects, is introduced. By definition, their topology is such that optimizes synchronizability for many dynamical processes. These networks are shown to have…

Rooted phylogenetic networks provide an explicit representation of the evolutionary history of a set $X$ of sampled species. In contrast to phylogenetic trees which show only speciation events, networks can also accommodate reticulate…

Given a connected locally finite simplicial graph $ G$ with vertex set $V$, the combinatorial Laplacian $\Delta_G \colon \R^V \to \R^V$ is defined on the space of all real-valued functions on $V$. We prove that $\Delta_G$ is surjective if…

The notion of network connectivity is used to characterize the robustness and failure tolerance of networks, with high connectivity being a desirable feature. In this paper, we develop a novel approach to the problem of identifying critical…

Let $X$ be a finite set, $\mathcal N$ be a reticulation-visible network on $X$, and $\mathcal T$ be a rooted binary phylogenetic tree. We show that there is a polynomial-time algorithm for deciding whether or not $\mathcal N$ displays…

Quantifying the relations (e.g., similarity) between complex networks paves the way for studying the latent information shared across networks. However, fundamental relation metrics are not well-defined between networks. As a compromise,…

A rooted acyclic digraph N with labelled leaves displays a tree T when there exists a way to select a unique parent of each hybrid vertex resulting in the tree T. Let Tr(N) denote the set of all trees displayed by the network N. In general,…

This work analyzes Graph Neural Networks, a generalization of Fully-Connected Deep Neural Nets on Graph structured data, when their width, that is the number of nodes in each fullyconnected layer is increasing to infinity. Infinite Width…

The universal approximation theorem states that a neural network with one hidden layer can approximate continuous functions on compact sets with any desired precision. This theorem supports using neural networks for various applications,…

We call a finite undirected graph minimally k-matchable if it has at least k distinct perfect matchings but deleting any edge results in a graph which has not. An odd subdivision of some graph G is any graph obtained by replacing every edge…

We study Turing bifurcations on one-dimensional random ring networks where the probability of a connection between two nodes depends on the distance between the two nodes. Our approach uses the theory of graphons to approximate the graph…

Signed graphs have appeared in a broad variety of applications, ranging from social networks to biological networks, from distributed control and computation to power systems. In this paper, we investigate spectral properties of signed…

In this series we introduce and investigate the concept of connectoids, which captures the connectivity structure of various discrete objects like undirected graphs, directed graphs, bidirected graphs, hypergraphs or finitary matroids. In…

We consider the three-dimensional Laplacian with a magnetic field created by an infinite rectilinear current bearing a constant current. The spectrum of the associated hamiltonian is the positive half-axis as the range of an infinity of…

Power grids are undergoing major changes from a few large producers to smart grids build upon renewable energies. Mathematical models for power grid dynamics have to be adapted to capture, when dynamic nodes can achieve synchronization to a…

We consider the action of the (combinatorial) Laplacian of a finite and simple graph on integer vectors. By a \emph{Laplacian monopole} we mean an image vector negative at exactly one coordinate associated with a vertex. We consider a…

Training neural networks to be certifiably robust is critical to ensure their safety against adversarial attacks. However, it is currently very difficult to train a neural network that is both accurate and certifiably robust. In this work…