相关论文: What should we understand by the four-momentum of …

A four-dimensional differential Euler-Lagrange equation for continuously distributed materials is derived based on the principle of least action, and instead of Lagrangian, this equation contains the Lagrangian density. This makes it…

The Lagrangian formalism is used to derive covariant equations that are suitable for use in continuously distributed matter in curved spacetime. Special attention is given to theoretical representation, in which the Lagrangian and its…

Defining the electric and magnetic field vectors in curved spacetime requires a proper choice of the observer's frame four-vector. Related literature shows that this fundamental issue in physics still needs to be properly resolved. In…

It is pointed out that in curved spacetime, one cannot define the sum of energy-momemtum 4-vector over a space-like hypersurface. The difficulty in finding satisfactory gravitational energy-momentum complex stems from misunderstanding of…

The standard Hamiltonian machinery, being applied to field theory, leads to infinite-dimensional phase spaces. It is not covariant. In this article, we present covariant finite-dimensional multimomentum Hamiltonian formalism for field…

The first clue, in the theory of relativity, the 4-vector force acting on a particle is orthogonal to the 4-vector velocity of the particle, this orthogonality means that there is some difference between the orthogonality and the usual…

A four-vector field in flat space-time, satisfying a gauge-invariant set of second-order differential equations, is considered as a unified field. The model variational principle corresponds to the general covariance idea and gives rise to…

This paper is a sequence of the work presented in [1], where, the principles of the general relativity have been used to formulate quantum wave equations taking into account the effect of the electromagnetic and strong interactions in the…

The fundamental difference between the true transformations (TT) and the apparent transformations (AT) is explained. The TT refer to the same quantity, while the AT refer, e.g., to the same measurement in different inertial frames of…

In collider-based particle physics, $invariant\ mass$ refers to the magnitude of the total-momentum 4-vector of a system of particles. An expression for the invariant mass of a 2-particle system is well known; it assumes that both the total…

We present a new derivation of the expressions for momentum and energy of a relativistic particle. In contrast to the procedures commonly adopted in textbooks, the one suggested here requires only the knowledge of the composition law for…

A common assumption in quantum field theory is that the energy-momentum 4-vector of any quantum state must be time-like. It will be proven that this is not the case for a Dirac-Maxwell field. In this case quantum states can be shown to…

If potential energy is the timelike component of a four-vector, then there must be a corresponding spacelike part which would logically be called the potential momentum. The potential four-momentum consisting of the potential momentum and…

A (globally) neutral two-body system is supposed to obey a pair of coupled Klein-Gordon equations in a constant homogeneous magnetic field. Considering eigenstates of the pseudomomentum four-vector, we reduce these equations to a…

The fundamental concept of phase space for particles moving in the four-dimensional spacetime is analyzed. Particle distribution density is defined as differential form, which degree may be different in various cases. It should be…

Gauss integral theorems for electric and magnetic fields, Faradays law of electromagnetic induction, magnetic field circulation theorem, theorems on the flux and circulation of vector potential, which are valid in curved spacetime, are…

In the relativistic uniform model for continuous medium the integral theorem of generalized virial is derived, in which generalized momenta are used as particles momenta. This allows us to find exact formulas for the radial component of the…

Relativistic field theory for a vector field on a curved space-time is considered assuming that the Lagrangian field density is quadratic and contains field derivatives of first order at most. By applying standard variational calculus, the…

At present, whenever we work in newtonian mechanics we consider momentum to be a three-dimensional vector or a 4-dimensional one when we work in relativistic mechanics. However, this mathematical vector model has barely 200 years and its…

The search for the gravitational energy-momentum tensor is often qualified as an attempt of looking for ``the right answer to the wrong question''. This position does not seem convincing to us. We think that we have found the right answer…