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As a generalization of planar Fibonacci spirals that are based on the recurrence relation $F_n=F_{n-1}+F_{n-2}$, we draw assembled spirals stemming from analytic solutions of the recurrence relation $G_n=a\, G_{n-1}+b\, G_{n-2}+c\, d\,^n$,…

历史与综述 · 数学 2020-04-21 Bernhard R. Parodi

Horadam introduced a new generalized sequence of numbers, describing its key features and the special sub-sequences that are obtained depending on the choices of initial parameters. This sequence and its sub-sequences are known as the…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-06-17 Ahmet Dasdemir

Zeckendorf proved that every positive integer has a unique representation as a sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers. A natural generalization of this theorem is to look at the sequence defined as follows: for $n\ge 2$, let $F_{n,1} =…

数论 · 数学 2020-06-05 Hung Viet Chu

As is well-known, the ratio of adjacent Fibonacci numbers tends to phi = (1 + sqrt(5))/2, and the ratio of adjacent Tribonacci numbers (where each term is the sum of the three preceding numbers) tends to the real root eta of X^3 - X^2 - X -…

数论 · 数学 2014-01-27 Kevin Hare , Helmut Prodinger , Jeffrey Shallit

Two $k$-ary Fibonacci recurrences are $a_k(n) = a_k(n-1) + k \cdot a_k(n-2)$ and $b_k(n) = k \cdot b_k(n-1) + b_k(n-2)$. We provide a simple proof that $a_k(n)$ is the number of $k$-regular words over $[n] = \{1,2,\ldots,n\}$ that avoid…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-03-11 Emily Downing , Elizabeth Hartung , Cody Lucido , Aaron Williams

We study the concatenated Fibonacci constant $\mathcal{F} := 0.F_{1}F_{2}F_{3}\cdots = 0.11235813\cdots$, obtained by concatenating the Fibonacci numbers in the fractional part, and ask whether it is normal. We show that several classical…

数论 · 数学 2026-04-21 José Ricardo G. Mendonça

In part 1 of this paper some linear weighted generalized Fibonacci number summation identities were derived using the fact that the Fibonacci number is the residue of a rational function. In this part, using the same method, some quadratic…

数论 · 数学 2021-07-14 M. J. Kronenburg

In this paper, we define k-generalized order-k numbers and we obtain a relation between i-th sequences and k-th sequences of k-generalized order-k numbers. We give some determinantal and permanental representations of k-generalized order-k…

数论 · 数学 2011-11-18 Kenan Kaygisiz , Adem Sahin

The convolved Fibonacci numbers F_j^(r) are defined by (1-z-z^2)^{-r}=\sum_{j>=0}F_{j+1}^(r)z^j. In this note some related numbers that can be expressed in terms of convolved Fibonacci numbers are considered. These numbers appear in the…

组合数学 · 数学 2007-05-23 Pieter Moree

A second order polynomial sequence is of Fibonacci type (Lucas type) if its Binet formula is similar in structure to the Binet formula for the Fibonacci (Lucas) numbers. In this paper we generalize identities from Fibonacci numbers and…

数论 · 数学 2019-04-19 Rigoberto Flórez , Nathan McAnally , Antara Mukherjee

An interesting characterization of the Fibonacci numbers is that, if we write them as $F_1 = 1$, $F_2 = 2$, $F_3 = 3$, $F_4 = 5, ...$, then every positive integer can be written uniquely as a sum of non-adjacent Fibonacci numbers. This is…

We study the $k$-Bonacci word over the infinite alphabet $\mathbb{N}$. Since the alphabet is infinite, the usual factor complexity is infinite and does not provide any information. We therefore investigate factor occurrence statistics in…

In this paper, we investigate sums of three Fibonacci numbers that can be expressed as concatenations of three repdigits in base $b$, where $b\ge 2$ is an integer. We prove that for bases $2\le b\le 10$, only finitely many such sums exist,…

We study the generalized random Fibonacci sequences defined by their first nonnegative terms and for $n\ge 1$, $F_{n+2} = \lambda F_{n+1} \pm F_{n}$ (linear case) and $\widetilde F_{n+2} = |\lambda \widetilde F_{n+1} \pm \widetilde F_{n}|$…

概率论 · 数学 2010-03-05 Elise Janvresse , Benoît Rittaud , Thierry De La Rue

We have studied several generalizations of Fibonacci sequences as the sequences with arbitrary initial values, the addition of two and more Fibonacci subsequences and Fibonacci polynomials with arbitrary bases. For Fibonacci numbers with…

历史与综述 · 数学 2017-07-31 Merve Özvatan , Oktay K. Pashaev

We evaluate a determinant of generalized Fibonacci numbers, thus providing a common generalization of several determinant evaluation results that have previously appeared in the literature, all of them extending Cassini's identity for…

数论 · 数学 2021-06-01 Christian Krattenthaler , Antonio M. Oller-Marcén

Let $(G_k)_{k\in\mathbb Z}$ be any sequence obeying the recurrence relation of the Fibonacci numbers. We derive formulas for $\sum_{j=1}^n{G_{j + t}^6}$ and $\sum_{j=1}^n{(-1)^{j - 1}G_{j + t}^5(G_{j + t - 1} + G_{j + t + 1})}$, thereby…

综合数学 · 数学 2024-01-19 Kunle Adegoke , Olawanle Layeni

Let $F_1=1,F_2=1,\ldots$ be the Fibonacci sequence. Motivated by the identity $\displaystyle\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{F_{2^k}}=\frac{7-\sqrt{5}}{2}$, Erd\"os and Graham asked whether $\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{F_{n_k}}$ is…

数论 · 数学 2020-09-08 Khoa D. Nguyen

The Fibonacci sequence has been generalized in many ways. One of them is defined by the relation $t_n=at_{n-1}+t_{n-2}$ if $n$ is even, $t_n=bt_{n-1}+t_{n-2}$ if $n$ is odd, with initial values $t_0=0$ and $t_1=1$, where $a$ and $b$ are…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-01-26 José L. Ramírez , Víctor Sirvent

The recurrence for the $k$-Fibonacci polynomials is usually iterated upwards to positive values of $n$ only. When the recurrence is iterated downwards to $n<0$, there are indices where the polynomials vanish identically. This fact does not…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-02-25 S. R. Mane