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Reducing the number of non-Clifford quantum gates present in a circuit is an important task for efficiently implementing quantum computations, especially in the fault-tolerant regime. We present a new method for reducing the number of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-08-13 Aleks Kissinger , John van de Wetering

The ZX-calculus is a graphical language for reasoning about ZX-diagrams, a type of tensor networks that can represent arbitrary linear maps between qubits. Using the ZX-calculus, we can intuitively reason about quantum theory, and optimise…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-05-04 Aleks Kissinger , John van de Wetering

The ZX-calculus is a powerful framework for reasoning in quantum computing. It provides in particular a compact representation of matrices of interests. A peculiar property of the ZX-calculus is the absence of a formal sum allowing the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-08-07 Emmanuel Jeandel , Simon Perdrix , Margarita Veshchezerova

The ZX, ZW and ZH calculi are all graphical calculi for reasoning about pure state qubit quantum mechanics. All of these languages use certain diagrammatic decorations, called !-boxes and phase variables, to indicate not just one diagram…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-05-04 Hector Miller-Bakewell

Quantum computers allow a near-exponential speed-up for specific applications when compared to classical computers. Despite recent advances in the hardware of quantum computers, their practical usage is still severely limited due to a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-05-09 Tobias Fischbach , Pierre Talbot , Pascal Bouvry

We give a complete presentation for the fragment, ZX&, of the ZX-calculus generated by the Z and X spiders (corresponding to copying and addition) along with the not gate and the and gate. To prove completeness, we freely add a unit and…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2021-09-07 Cole Comfort

Verifying equivalence between two quantum circuits is a hard problem, that is nonetheless crucial in compiling and optimizing quantum algorithms for real-world devices. This paper gives a Turing reduction of the (universal) quantum circuits…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-03-28 Jingyi Mei , Tim Coopmans , Marcello Bonsangue , Alfons Laarman

As quantum computing resources remain scarce and error rates high, minimizing the resource consumption of quantum circuits is essential for achieving practical quantum advantage. Here we consider the natural problem of, given a circuit $C$,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-02-27 Adam Husted Kjelstrøm , Andreas Pavlogiannis , Jaco van de Pol

Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) systems have surged attention and held a fundamental role in contemporary cryptography. Zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge (zk-SNARK) protocols dominate the ZKP usage, implemented…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Qizhe Yang , Boxuan Liang , Hao Chen , Guoqiang Li

The ZX-calculus is a graphical calculus for reasoning about quantum systems and processes. It is known to be universal for pure state qubit quantum mechanics, meaning any pure state, unitary operation and post-selected pure projective…

量子物理 · 物理学 2014-09-22 Miriam Backens

We give a sound and complete equational theory for 3-qubit quantum circuits over the Toffoli-Hadamard gate set { X, CX, CCX, H }. That is, we introduce a collection of true equations among Toffoli-Hadamard circuits on three qubits that is…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-08-13 Matthew Amy , Neil J. Ross , Scott Wesley

Quantum computation is traditionally expressed in terms of quantum bits, or qubits. In this work, we instead consider three-level qu$trits$. Past work with qutrits has demonstrated only constant factor improvements, owing to the $\log_2(3)$…

The ZX-calculus is a graphical language for quantum processes with built-in rewrite rules. The rewrite rules allow equalities to be derived entirely graphically, leading to the question of completeness: can any equality that is derivable…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-11-06 Miriam Backens

Categorical Quantum Mechanics, and graphical calculi in particular, has proven to be an intuitive and powerful way to reason about quantum computing. This work continues the exploration of graphical calculi, inside and outside of the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-10-09 Hector Miller-Bakewell

Vilmart recently gave a complete equational theory for the balanced sum-over-paths over Toffoli-Hadamard circuits, and by extension Clifford+Rz(2pi/2^k) circuits. Their theory is based on the phase-free ZH-calculus which crucially omits the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-09-01 Matthew Amy

In this paper, we introduce a technique for contracting (i.e. numerically evaluating) ZX-diagrams whose complexity scales with their rank-width, a graph parameter that behaves nicely under ZX rewrite rules. Given a rank-decomposition of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-10 Fedor Kuyanov , Aleks Kissinger

The ZX calculus and ZH calculus use diagrams to denote and compute properties of quantum operations, using `rewrite rules' to transform between diagrams which denote the same operator through a functorial semantic map. Different semantic…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-08-26 Niel de Beaudrap , Richard D. P. East

This article presents a novel algorithmic methodology for performing automated diagrammatic deductions over combinatorial structures, using a combination of modified equational theorem-proving techniques and the extended Wolfram model…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2021-03-31 Jonathan Gorard , Manojna Namuduri , Xerxes D. Arsiwalla

Circuit cutting, the decomposition of a quantum circuit into independent partitions, has become a promising avenue towards experiments with larger quantum circuits in the noisy-intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) era. While previous work…

This note describes how the the scalable ZXH calculus can be used to represent in a compact way the quantum gates that are diagonal in the computational basis. This includes controlled and multi-controlled Z gates, their generalizations,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-12-18 Titouan Carette