相关论文: Assessing Vaccine Effectiveness in Observational S…

Safe and effective preventive vaccines have the potential to help stem the HIV epidemic. The efficacy of such vaccines is typically measured in randomized, double-blind phase IIb/III trials and described as a reduction in newly acquired HIV…

Vaccine effectiveness (VE) is typically defined as incidence rate ratio, cumulative-risk ratio, or odds ratio. The VE based on incidence rate ratio is known to be time-invariant over the study period for leaky action vaccines and, the VE…

Test-negative designs (TNDs), a form of case-cohort study, are widely used to evaluate infectious disease interventions, notably for influenza and, more recently, COVID-19 vaccines. TNDs rely on recruiting individuals who are tested for the…

Traditional measures of vaccine efficacy (VE) are inherently asymmetric, constrained above by $1$ but unbounded below. As a result, VE estimates and corresponding confidence intervals can extend far below zero, making interpretation…

The test-negative design (TND), which is routinely used for monitoring seasonal flu vaccine effectiveness (VE), has recently become integral to COVID-19 vaccine surveillance, notably in Qu\'ebec, Canada. Some studies have addressed the…

Knowing whether vaccine protection wanes over time is important for health policy and drug development. However, quantifying waning effects is difficult. A simple contrast of vaccine efficacy at two different times compares different…

Motivated by the increasing number of COVID-19 cases that have been observed in many countries after the vaccination and relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions, we propose a mathematical model on time-varying networks for the spread…

The test-negative design (TND) is a resource-efficient observational study design that can assess vaccine effectiveness and exposure-proximal immune correlates of disease. The TND enrolls symptomatic individuals seeking diagnostic testing…

We develop semiparametric methods for estimating subgroup-specific relative vaccine efficacy against multiple viral strains in a partially vaccinated population. Focusing on observational case-only studies, we address informative…

Pathogens usually exist in heterogeneous variants, like subtypes and strains. Quantifying treatment effects on the different variants is important for guiding prevention policies and treatment development. Here we ground analyses of…

Statistical methods are developed for analysis of clinical and virus genetics data from phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled trials of vaccines against novel coronavirus COVID-19. Vaccine efficacy (VE) of a vaccine to prevent COVID-19…

Incorporating vaccination into mathematical models appears deceptively simple: models integrate vaccine-derived protections, such as reduced susceptibility to infection, using parameters informed by empirical estimates of vaccine efficacy…

The potential waning of the vaccination immunity to COVID-19 could pose threats to public health, as it is tenable that the timing of such waning would synchronize with the near-complete restoration of normalcy. Should also testing be…

Background: Target trial emulation (TTE) that applies trial design principles to improve the analysis of non-randomized studies is increasingly being used. Applications of TTE to emulate cluster randomized trials (RCTs) have been limited.…

A randomized trial and an analysis of observational data designed to emulate the trial sample observations separately, but have the same eligibility criteria, collect information on some shared baseline covariates, and compare the effects…

Studies of vaccine efficacy often record both the incidence of vaccine-targeted virus strains (primary outcome) and the incidence of non-targeted strains (secondary outcome). However, standard estimates of vaccine efficacy on targeted…

The rapid outbreak of bird flu challenges the outcome of effective vaccine for the upcoming years. The recent research established different norms to eliminate flu pandemics. This can be made possible with skilled experimental analyses and…

Consider the causal effect that one individual's treatment may have on another individual's outcome when the outcome is contagious, with specific application to the effect of vaccination on an infectious disease outcome. The effect of one…

The aim of clinical effectiveness research using repositories of electronic health records is to identify what health interventions 'work best' in real-world settings. Since there are several reasons why the net benefit of intervention may…

The demand for improved efficiency and accuracy in vaccine safety assessments is increasing. Here, we explore the application of computer vision technologies to automate the monitoring of experimental mice for potential side effects after…