相关论文: On the Confidence Intervals in Bioequivalence Stud…
Intuitively, unfamiliarity should lead to lack of confidence. In reality, current algorithms often make highly confident yet wrong predictions when faced with relevant but unfamiliar examples. A classifier we trained to recognize gender is…
In this paper, we consider the problem of constructing confidence interval for the correlation coefficient in a bivariate normal distribution. For this problem, we found fifteen approaches in literatures. Also, we have proposed a…
The separate evaluation for males and females is the recent standard in in-vivo toxicology for dose or treatment effects using Dunnett tests. The alternative pre-test for sex-by-treatment interaction is problematic. Here a joint test is…
Systematic reviews aim to summarize all the available evidence relevant to a particular research question. If appropriate, the data from identified studies are quantitatively combined in a meta-analysis. Often only few studies regarding a…
The US Food and Drug Administration launched Project Optimus with the aim of shifting the paradigm of dose-finding and selection towards identifying the optimal biological dose that offers the best balance between benefit and risk, rather…
The maximum type-I and type-II error exponents associated with the newly introduced almost-fixed-length hypothesis testing is characterized. In this class of tests, the decision-maker declares the true hypothesis almost always after…
Transitioning from Phase 2 to Phase 3 in drug development, at a rate of $\approx$40%, is the most stringent among phase transitions (Hay et al. (2014)). Yet, success rate at Phase 3 leading to approval is only $\approx$50% (Arrowsmith…
We consider the conditional randomization test as a way to account for covariate imbalance in randomized experiments. The test accounts for covariate imbalance by comparing the observed test statistic to the null distribution of the test…
A randomized trial and an analysis of observational data designed to emulate the trial sample observations separately, but have the same eligibility criteria, collect information on some shared baseline covariates, and compare the effects…
The standard paradigm for confirmatory clinical trials is to compare experimental treatments with a control, for example the standard of care or a placebo. However, it is not always the case that a suitable control exists. Efficient…
Determining whether an algorithmic decision-making system discriminates against a specific demographic typically involves comparing a single point estimate of a fairness metric against a predefined threshold. This practice is statistically…
In a clinical trial with a survival outcome, an interim analysis is often performed to allow for early stopping for efficacy. If the interim analysis is early in the trial, one might conclude that a new treatment is more effective (compared…
A benefit of randomized experiments is that covariate distributions of treatment and control groups are balanced on average, resulting in simple unbiased estimators for treatment effects. However, it is possible that a particular…
We introduce credal two-sample testing, a new hypothesis testing framework for comparing credal sets -- convex sets of probability measures where each element captures aleatoric uncertainty and the set itself represents epistemic…
We first review existing sequential methods for estimating a binomial proportion. Afterward, we propose a new family of group sequential sampling schemes for estimating a binomial proportion with prescribed margin of error and confidence…
The two-trials rule in drug regulation requires statistically significant results from two pivotal trials to demonstrate efficacy. However, it is unclear how the effect estimates from both trials should be combined to quantify the drug…
Empirical phi-divergence test-statistics have demostrated to be a useful technique for the simple null hypothesis to improve the finite sample behaviour of the classical likelihood ratio test-statistic, as well asfor model misspecification…
In this paper we compare two regression curves by measuring their difference by the area between the two curves, represented by their $L^1$-distance. We develop asymptotic confidence intervals for this measure and statistical tests to…
We use the exact finite sample likelihood and statistical decision theory to answer questions of ``why?'' and ``what should you have done?'' using data from randomized experiments and a utility function that prioritizes safety over…
The term natural experiment is used inconsistently. In one interpretation, it refers to an experiment where a treatment is randomly assigned by someone other than the researcher. In another interpretation, it refers to a study in which…