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A well--known fact in Spectral Graph Theory is the existence of pairs of isospectral nonisomorphic graphs (known as PINGS). The work of A.J. Schwenk (in 1973) and of C. Godsil and B. McKay (in 1982) shed some light on the explanation of the…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-09-02 Francesco Belardo , Maurizio Brunetti , Matteo Cavaleri , Alfredo Donno

In 2010, Butler introduced the unfolding operation on a bipartite graph to produce two bipartite graphs, which are cospectral for the adjacency and the normalized Laplacian matrices. In this article, we describe how the idea of unfolding a…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-11-22 M. Rajesh Kannan , Shivaramakrishna Pragada , Hitesh Wankhede

A signed graph is a graph whose edges are labeled either positive or negative. Corresponding to the two signed distance matrices defined for signed graphs, we define two signed distance laplacian matrices. We characterize balance in signed…

组合数学 · 数学 2020-10-12 Roshni T Roy , K A Germina , K Shahul Hameed , Thomas Zaslavsky

In [Steve Butler. A note about cospectral graphs for the adjacency and normalized Laplacian matrices. Linear Multilinear Algebra, 58(3-4):387-390, 2010.], Butler constructed a family of bipartite graphs, which are cospectral for both the…

组合数学 · 数学 2020-02-04 M. Rajesh Kannan , Shivaramakrishna Pragada

Two signed graphs are called switching isomorphic if one of them is isomorphic to a switching equivalent of the other. To determine the number of switching non-isomorphic signed graphs on a specific graph, we will establish a method based…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-09-17 Yousef Bagheri , Alireza Moghadamfar , Farzaneh Ramezani

We consider two types of joins of graphs $G_{1}$ and $G_{2}$, $G_{1}\veebar G_{2}$ - the Neighbors Splitting Join and $G_{1}\underset{=}{\lor}G_{2}$ - the Non Neighbors Splitting Join, and compute the adjacency characteristic polynomial,…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-08-16 Suliman Hamud , Abraham Berman

In this paper, we introduce three operations on hypergraphs by using tensors. We show that these three formulations are equivalent and we commonly call them as the tensor join. We show that any hypergraph can be viewed as a tensor join of…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-06-01 R. Vishnupriya , R. Rajkumar

Let $G$ be a finite non abelian group. The centralizer graph of $G$ is a simple undirected graph $\Gamma_{cent}(G)$, whose vertices are the proper centralizers of $G$ and two vertices are adjacent if and only if their cardinalities are…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-09-16 Jharna Kalita , Somnath Paul

Learning the graph Laplacian from observed data is one of the most investigated and fundamental tasks in Graph Signal Processing (GSP). Different variants of the Laplacian, such as the combinatorial, signless or signed Laplacians have been…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-04-02 Stefania Sardellitti

Motivated by discrete Laplacian differential operators with various accuracy orders in numerical analysis, we introduce new matrices attached to a simple graph that can be considered graph Laplacians with higher accuracy. In particular, we…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-04-09 Mary Yoon

The concept of the integrated adjacency matrix for mixed graphs was first introduced in [9], where its spectral properties were analyzed in relation to the structural characteristics of the mixed graph. Building upon this foundation, this…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-07-08 G. Kalaivani , R. Rajkumar

Recently the collection $\cal G$ of all signed graphs for which the adjacency matrix has all but at most two eigenvalues equal to $\pm 1$ has been determined. Here we investigate $\cal G$ for cospectral pairs, and for signed graphs…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-11-30 Willem H. Haemers , Hatice Topcu

Laplacian operators on finite compact metric graphs are considered under the assumption that matching conditions at graph vertices are of $\delta$ and $\delta'$ types. An infinite series of trace formulae is obtained which link together two…

谱理论 · 数学 2014-11-06 Yulia Ershova , Irina I. Karpenko , Alexander V. Kiselev

A {\it fractional matching} of a graph $G$ is a function $f$ giving each edge a number in $[0,1]$ so that $\sum_{e\in \Gamma(v)}f(e)\leq 1$ for each $v\in V(G)$, where $\Gamma(v)$ is the set of edges incident to $v$. The {\it fractional…

组合数学 · 数学 2018-05-23 Ruifang Liu , Yu Lu

The spectral theory of the normalized Laplacian for chemical hypergraphs is further investigated. The signless normalized Laplacian is introduced and it is shown that its spectrum for classical hypergraphs coincides with the spectrum of the…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-11-09 Eleonora Andreotti , Raffaella Mulas

Coalescing involves gluing one or more rooted graphs onto another graph. Under specific conditions, it is possible to start with cospectral graphs that are coalesced in similar ways that will result in new cospectral graphs. We present a…

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) and its variants are designed for unsigned graphs containing only positive links. Many existing GCNs have been derived from the spectral domain analysis of signals lying over (unsigned) graphs and in each…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-08-16 Rahul Singh , Yongxin Chen

In this paper, we introduce the Laplacian and the signless Laplacian for the eccentricity matrix of a connected graph, referred to as the eccentricity Laplacian and the eccentricity signless Laplacian, respectively. We establish the…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-05-15 Keshav Saini , Anubha Jindal , K. Palpandi

We present enumeration results on the number of connected graphs up to 10 vertices for which there is at least one other graph with the same spectrum (a cospectral mate), or at least one other graph with the same Smith normal form…

组合数学 · 数学 2020-08-14 Aida Abiad , Carlos A. Alfaro

This survey is two-fold. We first report new progress on the spectral extremal results on the Tur\'{a}n type problems in graph theory. More precisely, we shall summarize the spectral Tur\'{a}n function in terms of the adjacency spectral…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-05-13 Yongtao Li , Weijun Liu , Lihua Feng