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Small language models (SLMs), despite their widespread adoption in modern smart devices, have received significantly less academic attention compared to their large language model (LLM) counterparts, which are predominantly deployed in data…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-27 Zhenyan Lu , Xiang Li , Dongqi Cai , Rongjie Yi , Fangming Liu , Xiwen Zhang , Nicholas D. Lane , Mengwei Xu

The Internet of Things (IoT) integrates billions of smart devices that can communicate with one another with minimal human intervention. It is one of the fastest developing fields in the history of computing, with an estimated 50 billion…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-07-31 Mohammed Ali Al-Garadi , Amr Mohamed , Abdulla Al-Ali , Xiaojiang Du , Mohsen Guizani

Machine learning (ML) techniques are being increasingly used in mobile networks for network planning, operation, management, optimisation and much more. These techniques are realised using a set of logical nodes known as ML pipeline. A…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2021-07-20 Abhishek Dandekar

The Internet of Things (IoT) and Large Language Models (LLMs) have been two major emerging players in the information technology era. Although there has been significant coverage of their individual capabilities, our literature survey sheds…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Kushal Khatiwada , Jayden Hopper , Joseph Cheatham , Ayan Joshi , Sabur Baidya

The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought forth an era of unprecedented connectivity, with an estimated 80 billion smart devices expected to be in operation by the end of 2025. These devices facilitate a multitude of smart…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-01-30 Chao Liu , Boxi Chen , Wei Shao , Chris Zhang , Kelvin Wong , Yi Zhang

While there exist many ways to deploy machine learning models on microcontrollers, it is non-trivial to choose the optimal combination of frameworks and targets for a given application. Thus, automating the end-to-end benchmarking flow is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-08 Philipp van Kempen , Rafael Stahl , Daniel Mueller-Gritschneder , Ulf Schlichtmann

Deep learning inference on embedded devices is a burgeoning field with myriad applications because tiny embedded devices are omnipresent. But we must overcome major challenges before we can benefit from this opportunity. Embedded processors…

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) introduces significant security challenges as resource-constrained devices become increasingly integrated into critical industrial processes. Existing security approaches typically address threats at…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-24 Aymen Bouferroum , Valeria Loscri , Abderrahim Benslimane

Autonomic Computing (AC) is a promising approach for developing intelligent and adaptive self-management systems at the deep network edge. In this paper, we present the problems and challenges related to the use of AC for IoT devices. Our…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-09-25 Wojciech Kalka , Ruitao Xue , Kamil Faber , Aleksander Slominski , Devki Jha , Rajiv Ranjan , Tomasz Szydlo

In this paper, we illustrate how to enhance an existing state-of-the-art modeling language and tool for the Internet of Things (IoT), called ThingML, to support machine learning on the modeling level. To this aim, we extend the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-06-29 Armin Moin , Stephan Rössler , Marouane Sayih , Stephan Günnemann

The rapid deployment of machine learning across platforms from milliwatt-class TinyML devices to large language models has made energy efficiency a primary constraint for sustainable AI. Across these scales, performance and energy are…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Mohammad Saleh Vahdatpour , Yanqing Zhang

Billions of distributed, heterogeneous and resource constrained IoT devices deploy on-device machine learning (ML) for private, fast and offline inference on personal data. On-device ML is highly context dependent, and sensitive to user,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-21 Wiebke Toussaint , Aaron Yi Ding , Fahim Kawsar , Akhil Mathur

Tiny machine learning (TinyML) co-locates models with sensors on microcontrollers, where small models (which are disproportionately sensitive to label noise) and bespoke binary tasks (which lack standard benchmarks) make general-purpose…

Recent advances in state-of-the-art ultra-low power embedded devices for machine learning (ML) have permitted a new class of products whose key features enable ML capabilities on microcontrollers with less than 1 mW power consumption…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-03 Anas Osman , Usman Abid , Luca Gemma , Matteo Perotto , Davide Brunelli

Towards realizing an intelligent networked society, enabling low-cost low-energy connectivity for things, also known as Internet of Things (IoT), is of crucial importance. While the existing wireless access networks require centralized…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-08-05 Amin Azari , Mahmoud Abbasi

This literature review explores continual learning methods for on-device training in the context of neural networks (NNs) and decision trees (DTs) for classification tasks on smart environments. We highlight key constraints, such as data…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-26 Afonso Lourenço , João Rodrigo , João Gama , Goreti Marreiros

Internet-of-Things (IoT) envisions an intelligent infrastructure of networked smart devices offering task-specific monitoring and control services. The unique features of IoT include extreme heterogeneity, massive number of devices, and…

系统与控制 · 计算机科学 2018-10-30 Tianyi Chen , Sergio Barbarossa , Xin Wang , Georgios B. Giannakis , Zhi-Li Zhang

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has grown exponentially in recent years, introducing significant security challenges. Accurate identification of the types of IoT devices and their associated actions through network…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-17 Reza Ryan , Napoleon Paciente , Cahil Youngs , Nickson Karie , Qian Li , Nasim Ferdosian

Federated Machine Learning (Fed ML) is a new distributed machine learning technique applied to collaboratively train a global model using clients local data without transmitting it. Nodes only send parameter updates (e.g., weight updates in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-11 Rachid EL Mokadem , Yann Ben Maissa , Zineb El Akkaoui

The rapid growth of microcontroller-based IoT devices has opened up numerous applications, from smart manufacturing to personalized healthcare. Despite the widespread adoption of energy-efficient microcontroller units (MCUs) in the Tiny…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-26 Giorgos Armeniakos , Georgios Mentzos , Dimitrios Soudris